[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1725},["ShallowReactive",2],{"project-colocal":3,"publications-colocal":452,"publication:colocal:kkk9nj3ine0gg6qi6mgsi3mx":1312,"publications-more:colocal":1322,"mdc-unl3m1-key":1712},{"id":4,"shortTitle":5,"longTitle":6,"slug":7,"shortDescription":8,"longDescription":9,"about":10,"objectives":11,"cover":20,"images":23,"research_publications":61,"active":341,"programme":69,"education_trainings":342,"news_events":377},10,"COLOCAL","Co-creating knowledge for local adaptation to climate change in least developed countries (COLOCAL)","colocal","Building the capacity of universities in the Global South to work towards climate change adaptation through education and research.","For universities to effectively deliver education and research for climate change adaptation, they must be responsive to the perceptions, knowledges, needs and priorities of local communities. This requires working with the most vulnerable communities to foster collaborative learning. The capacity to offer and engage in relevant education and research is, however, currently lacking. \n\nThe aim of this project is therefore to build capacity of universities in the Global South for education and research around knowledge for locally-led adaptation. This is achieved through initiatives to:\n\n- Revise existing courses and develop new courses and programmes;\n- Recruit and educate students at the bachelor and masters level;\n- Recruit and train PhD candidates;\n- Support research on locally led adaptation principles and practices.\n\nThe project is designed to contribute to the goals of the Least Developed Countries Universities Consortium on Climate Change (LUCCC), including south-south collaboration working with the most vulnerable to foster collaborative learning and capacity-building.\n\nThis project is funded by NORAD (the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation), under the NORHED-II programme.","The Co-Creating Knowledge for Local Adaptation to Climate Change in Least Developed Countries (COLOCAL) Project is an initiative under the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation’s NORHED II 2021-2026 programme.\n\n\nThe project was initiated by the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) at the International University of Bangladesh, which leads a network on climate change and capacity building in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). They were instrumental in selecting the partners, who are part of the LDC Universities Consortium on Climate Change (LUCCC) network, based on a needs assessment and interest.\n\n\nThe aim of this project is to build capacity of universities in LDCs for Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) and Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA) education and research. The project is designed to contribute to the goals of LUCCC, including south-south collaboration, working with the most vulnerable to foster collaborative learning and capacity-building.\n\n\nThe participating LUCCC partners are University of Makerere in Uganda, Eduardo Mondlane University in Mozambique; Pokhara University in Nepal; and Independent University Bangladesh, with the Norwegian University of Life Sciences as a north-based partner. \n\n\nActivities under the project include undertaking research that focuses on vulnerable communities facing diverse climate risks, adopting bottom-up approaches to knowledge co-creation. Such researchbased knowledge is expected to feed into educational curricula development and capacitybuilding activities. The project engages in capacity building at multiple levels through inter and intra-country co-learning involving students, university researchers and educators, community groups, local governments, and policy makers.\n\n\nThe expected outputs of the project include strengthened educational and research capacity, improved knowledge on CBA, including skilled CBA knowledge co-creators, and partnerships to support needs-driven, locally-based and contextually sensitive adaptation. The outputs are expected to influence policy, planning and practice around CBA through co-learning and knowledge dissemination.",[12,14,16,18],{"objective":13},"For universities in the world's least developed countries to have improved capacity to work towards climate change adaptation through education and research. ",{"objective":15},"Activities include research that focuses on vulnerable communities facing diverse climate risks and uncertainties. Bottom-up approaches to knowledge co-creation",{"objective":17},"Such research-based knowledge will feed into educational curricula development and capacity-building activities.",{"objective":19},"Capacity-building will be engaged at multiple levels through inter- and intra-country learning, involving students, researchers and educators, community groups, local governments, and policy makers.",{"id":21,"url":22,"alternativeText":23,"caption":23,"width":24,"height":25,"formats":26,"mime":31,"size":56,"name":57,"provider":58,"createdAt":59,"updatedAt":60},72,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/matt_school_children_6e2612afcc.jpg",null,5324,3549,{"large":27,"small":36,"medium":43,"thumbnail":49},{"ext":28,"url":29,"hash":30,"mime":31,"name":32,"path":23,"size":33,"width":34,"height":35},".jpg","https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/large_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc.jpg","large_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc","image/jpeg","large_matt_school children.jpg",135.94,1000,666,{"ext":28,"url":37,"hash":38,"mime":31,"name":39,"path":23,"size":40,"width":41,"height":42},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/small_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc.jpg","small_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc","small_matt_school children.jpg",45.35,500,333,{"ext":28,"url":44,"hash":45,"mime":31,"name":46,"path":23,"size":47,"width":48,"height":41},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/medium_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc.jpg","medium_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc","medium_matt_school children.jpg",87.43,750,{"ext":28,"url":50,"hash":51,"mime":31,"name":52,"path":23,"size":53,"width":54,"height":55},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/thumbnail_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc.jpg","thumbnail_matt_school_children_6e2612afcc","thumbnail_matt_school children.jpg",13.51,234,156,2503.18,"matt_school_children.jpg","strapi-provider-upload-strapi-cloud","2025-10-27T07:32:10.571Z","2025-10-27T07:38:30.701Z",[62,72,78,84,91,97,103,110,117,125,132,140,148,156,164,172,180,188,196,204,212,220,228,236,244,251,258,265,272,278,285,292,299,306,313,319,325,333],{"id":63,"title":64,"abstract":65,"date":66,"authors":67,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":70,"theme":23,"country":23},65,"Accounting for Agency of Marginalised Communities in Adaptation","This policy brief highlights the urgency of recognising and empowering agency within marginalised communities in climate-vulnerable regions. It further builds upon the notion that adaptation efforts cannot succeed without addressing the intersecting challenges of caste, class inequalities, and climate risks.\n\nDalit communities, facing exclusion, limited education, and generational poverty, are often excluded from decision-making, making generalised strategies ineffective. To address this, the brief recommends a bottom-up approach that develops local leaders, institutionalises vision-building, uses quantitative methods to capture context-specific inequalities, and reduces bureaucratic barriers, ultimately fostering more equitable and effective climate resilience for one of Bangladesh’s most at-risk populations.","2025-09-30",[],"-",false,{"type":71},"",{"id":73,"title":74,"abstract":75,"date":66,"authors":76,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":77,"theme":23,"country":23},63,"Vulnerability and Resilience in Coastal Bangladesh","This policy brief focuses on the climate change vulnerability and resilience in four polder areas of Khulna, Bangladesh, and the adaptive capacity of each respective locality. The brief also explores the impact of various factors that have historically impacted the conditions of the polders, such as extreme weather events and lack of maintenance and upkeep.\n\nThe brief further explores the usage of a fuzzy model logic to predict future damages in the study areas, compounded by the effects of cyclonic events and rising sea levels. In order to address these issues, the brief recommends policies addressing the urgent repairment of polder infrastructure, regulated land zoning for shrimp farming, formalising LLA efforts, and constructing elevated housing.",[],{"type":71},{"id":79,"title":80,"abstract":81,"date":66,"authors":82,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":83,"theme":23,"country":23},64,"Strengthening Climate Resilience Through Local Action","This policy brief calls for a shift from top-down climate adaptation to genuine Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA) in Bangladesh. By prioritising local participation and context-specific solutions, LLA can strengthen climate resilience and sustainability. Despite growing recognition, implementation gaps persist due to weak local leadership, limited financial access, low transparency, and capacity constraints. Political influence and bureaucratic barriers further undermine the effectiveness of LLA, particularly in government-led initiatives.\n\nTo address these challenges, the brief recommends targeted reforms to strengthen local decision-making authority, ensure transparent allocation and tracking of adaptation resources, expand direct financial access for local actors, and invest in ongoing capacity building. These measures are essential to move beyond rhetoric and establish LLA as an effective, fair framework for climate resilience.",[],{"type":71},{"id":85,"title":86,"abstract":87,"date":88,"authors":89,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":90,"theme":23,"country":23},51,"Agency & Adaptive Responses: The role of individual and collective agency in  shaping responses to climate change impacts among  Dalit communities in Satkhira, Bangladesh ","This thesis explores the role of agency in shaping responses to climate change impacts of four Dalit communities in Satkhira, the south-western region of Bangladesh. The thesis took on a mixed-method approach and conducted 22 in-depth interviews with men and women across the Rishi, Jele, Behara and Kaora communities in Satkhira, along with a survey of perceived levels of personal and collective agency with 135 participants.\n\nFindings highlight the importance of recognizing how personal and collective agency shape the avenues of coping, resisting, adapting or enacting transformative changes to grapple with climate change impacts for Dalit communities in this region. Narratives across the four communities highlight the unique challenges which emerge at the intersection of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities stemming from caste-based inequities. Findings show that despite high levels of personal agency, collective agency remains low across the four communities, as adaptation processes have rarely focused on developing their ability to envision and influence change or target systemic inequities which produce vulnerabilities in the first place. Despite this, narratives show how communities take up a range of institutional and non-institutional tactics to overcome or mitigate current and future impacts. Dalit communities also tackle caste-based discriminations by driving collective action and taking on leadership roles in adapting to climate change impacts or taking up pathways to resist maladaptive development processes beyond their community. The thesis adds further evidence to how disrupting systemic inequities is crucially important for ensuring environmental justice.\n\nThe thesis presents a case for focusing on the need for enhancing collective agency in line with fostering leadership and narrative change work among marginalized communities, especially those whose lives and livelihoods are intricately tied with sustaining environmental and  ecological integrity in climate vulnerable contexts. ","2025-10-07",[],{"type":71},{"id":92,"title":93,"abstract":94,"date":88,"authors":95,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":96,"theme":23,"country":23},55,"Climate Change Vulnerability and Resilience of People Living in the Polder Area of Khulna Division and Assessment of Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA)","Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change due to geographical location and geomorphological conditions. Bangladesh experiences extremely disastrous situations like cyclones, floods, saline water intrusion, waterlogging, heavy rainfall, river erosion, storm surge, etc. that occur frequently in the coastal part of Bangladesh. This result in huge loss of lives damages properties and degrades the integrity of the environmental components. Bangladesh’s physical and cultural characteristics as well as the livelihoods of its people are defined by the GBM delta, which is endowed with an abundance of natural resources. The dynamically evolving coastal landscape of Bangladesh is controlled by the underlying geology and topography of the delta and the dynamic interaction between the influx of water and sediment, the coastal processes such as tides and wave action, and episodic events such as cyclones and monsoons. In Khulna Division, there are several polders. We have selected 04 polders for our study named: 7/1,7/2, 10-12, and 13-14/2. The flood damage information was collected from several household-level surveys which were caused by various Cyclonic events in these regions by using KOBO Toolbox. Then the data was used to prepare various flood damage curves to show the quantity of loss & damage of these polders people due to various Cyclonic events in the last 20 years. In parallel, the Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) practices were collected along the selected polders boundary by using FGD where a discussion was arranged with people to know the damages and how they are using their knowledge for making the decisions themselves. The focus is on the Local people Engagement of these polders in planning, implementation, and monitoring to manage the risks and challenges faced by the people due to climate change by predicting flood inundation in the upcoming years according to the report of IPCC. The inundation rate has been analyzed using ArcGIS. After that a fuzzy model was developed through MATLAB to predict the damage rate for 2100 due to sea level rise. Also, a detailed assessment was done about the gaps for the implementation of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) among polders people and a way forward to develop them to prepare against the cyclones & floods due to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise (SLR). ",[],{"type":71},{"id":98,"title":99,"abstract":100,"date":88,"authors":101,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":102,"theme":23,"country":23},61,"The State of Locally-led Adaptation (LLA) in  Climate Vulnerable Communities in Selected  Coastal Districts of Bangladesh ","Climate change is one of the most serious environmental concerns that humankind is now facing. It significantly impacts various sectors, including food security, natural ecosystems, freshwater supply, and human health. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries regarding climate change's consequences. Floods, droughts, cyclones, riverbank erosion, salt intrusion, and water logging are all prevalent in the country. These all affected food, water, health, energy security, and people's livelihoods. Bangladesh's government and nongovernmental organizations-initiated attempts to tackle the climate change disaster via community-based adaptation, which has certain limitations in making the community more resilient. Locally driven adaptation has risen to the top of the global and local agendas, intending to implement adaptation measures through local authorities. However, development community has for many years CBA was being practiced, but LLA is more exhaustive and more politically challenging. Therefore, this thesis looks into the understanding of LLA and the difference between LLA and CBA, participation and decision-making under LLA, roles of community leaders, and the community’s encountered challenges and expectations broadly. This study relies mainly on qualitative research methods, with very few quantitative approaches used. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with government and non-governmental organization (NGO) workers were used to collect information about locally led adaptation (LLA). Focus Group Discussions were also used to gather community people's perspectives on LLA initiatives, including their utilization, effectiveness, and prospects. Overall characteristics of LLA were calculated for the projects of NGOs and GOBs; the results showed that both types of organizations fell within the moderate level of LLA features. Most of the respondents could not clearly define the term, but their attempts to define LLA were significant, and their thoughts were linked to their experience and knowledge. Participation in the project design and planning phase is low among the communities due to the complex procedures of organizations. Local actors advocate on behalf of the people in the community to receive benefits from NGOs. NGOs invite the community to MEL activities to a limited extent, whereas GoB has no scope for communities; besides, communities have limited access to the project's progress and financial information. NGO initiatives collaborate better with CSO and CBOs at the community level than GOB projects. They are implementing LLA projects or initiatives affected mainly by the power dynamics at the local level and limited or no access to financial resources. Besides, local political influence also causes the problem of implementing the LLA process. Lack of transparency in the implementation process and lack of accountability of community people are critical governance challenges at the grassroots level. Communities and local actors lack of capacity to implement the LLA initiatives to make their communities resilient in most cases. The policy provision necessary for locally-led adaptation requires the government to launch a one-of-a-kind effort to establish particular policy choices for LLA and to incorporate LLA into all climate change plans and strategies. Besides, a local-level MEL system should be in place to track progress and ensure accountability and learning mechanisms. ",[],{"type":71},{"id":104,"title":105,"abstract":106,"date":107,"authors":108,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":109,"theme":23,"country":23},58,"Exploring the Impact of Community-Based Adaptation Measures on Building Gender Responsive Resilience to Climate Change","The study focuses on how community-based adaptation (CBA) measures in southern Bangladesh enhance community resilience by considering gender in climate adaptation strategies. It emphasizes addressing the unique challenges women face in climate change contexts to ensure successful adaptation efforts. Key implications involve empowering women economically, implementing localized adaptation strategies, promoting gender equality, developing capacities, and strengthening social networks. Establishing community-led committees with equal representation of women and men fosters inclusive decision-making processes, which are essential for the sustainability and acceptance of adaptation measures. Inclusive governance, using diverse perspectives and experiences, results in more comprehensive and effective solutions by harnessing the community's collective strengths to tackle climate challenges.","2025-10-31",[],{"type":71},{"id":111,"title":112,"abstract":113,"date":114,"authors":115,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":116,"theme":23,"country":23},435,"Environment & Changing Climate 2025 Conference Proceedings","As global environmental challenges intensify, the urgency to align strategic climate governance with context-specific adaptation becomes increasingly evident. The Environment & Changing Climate: Global Strategies and Local Actions conference at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) brings together researchers, policymakers, community leaders, and innovators to explore multidisciplinary approaches to climate resilience.\n\nThrough thematic sessions, collaborative dialogue, and knowledge-sharing events, the conference aims to highlight strategies that bridge the gap between global commitments and grassroots action. By fostering partnerships, amplifying indigenous and community-based knowledge, and showcasing innovative practices, the event aims to generate actionable insights that advance environmental resilience, accelerate sustainable development, and strengthen our collective capacity to respond to the climate crisis.\n\nThis publication is based on the scientific works submitted to the “Environment and Changing Climate 2025” conference, spanning across key thematic areas, such as climate governance, locally-led adaptation, biodiversity and conservation, indigenous knowledge and nature-based adaptations, climate finance, and many more. By linking interdisciplinary research, rooted in localized knowledge, to policy action, the conference aims to support inclusive climate action in the Global South.  \n\n_The conference is organized by the Department of Environmental Science and Management at the Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), and is funded by the “Co-creating knowledge for local adaptation to climate change in least developed countries” (COLOCAL) project; part of the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation’s NORHED II 2021-2026 programme._","2025-11-19",[],{"type":71},{"id":118,"title":119,"abstract":120,"date":121,"authors":122,"tags":23,"url":123,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":124,"theme":23,"country":23},79,"Interplays between changing biophysical and social dynamics under climate change: Implications for limits to sustainable adaptation in food systems","Climate change scenarios have significant implications for the livelihoods and food security of particular groups in society and will necessitate a range of adaptation actions. While there is a significant literature on the social as well as biophysical factors and limits to adaptation, less is known about the interactions between these, and what such interactions mean for the prospects of achieving sustainable and resilient food systems. This paper is an attempt at addressing this gap by examining changing biophysical and social factors, with specific consideration of vulnerable groups, across four case studies (Ghana, Malawi, Norway and Spain). In each case, future climate change scenarios and associated biophysical limits are mapped onto four key social factors that drive vulnerability and mediate adaptation, namely, scale, history, power and politics, and social differentiation. We then consider what the interaction between biophysical limits and socio-political dynamics means for the options for and limits to future adaptation, and how climate may interact with, and reshape, sociopolitical elements. We find that biophysical limits and socio-political factors do not operate in isolation, but interact, with dynamic relationships determining the ‘space’ or set of options for sustainable adaptation. By connecting the perspectives of biophysical and social factors, the study illuminates the risks of unanticipated outcomes that result from the disregard of local contexts in the implementation of adaptation measures. We conclude that a framework focusing on the space for sustainable adaptation conditioned by biophysical and social factors, and their interactions, can help provide evidence on what does and does not constitute sustainable adaptation, and help to counter unhelpful narratives of climate change as a sole or dominant cause of challenges in food systems. KEYWORDS climate change, food system, limits to adaptation, political ecology, sustainable adaptation, vulnerability.\n\nKeywords: climate change, food system, limits to adaptation, political ecology, sustainable adaptation, vulnerability","2021-12-17",[],"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16124",{"type":71},{"id":126,"title":127,"abstract":128,"date":129,"authors":130,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":131,"theme":23,"country":23},68,"Exploring Effective Strategies for Integrating Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) into NGO Practices","With growing intensity of climate change, vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh increasingly struggle to deliver equitable and sustainable adaptation. This study addresses the integration of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) principles into the activities of NGOs working in the climatevulnerable coastal upazila of Shyamnagar, Satkhira District. Despite their crucial role in local adaptation, NGOs often struggle to align top-down solutions with the lived experiences of marginalized communities. As a result, these organizations may not fully resonate with local perspectives. \n\nBy employing a qualitative methodology with IDIs, FGDs, and KIIs, this study seeks to investigate the current integration and operationalization of LLA principles in NGOs. It identifies the major challenges faced by NGOs in incorporating and practicing LLA, systematizes these challenges, and critically examines the approaches used to mainstream LLA principles, assessing how effective such approaches are at achieving desired adaptation outcomes. The study is grounded in a framework that explores the relationship between LLA principles, NGO practices and challenges, community participation, and the effectiveness of LLA integration strategies. \n\nThe findings emphasize that NGOs participate informally in LLA, promoting community-driven decision-making and inclusivity. However, obstacles remain such as centralized finance and misalignment of policy, capacity deficiencies (both at local government level and in local communities), duplication of effort, under-investment in environmental/infrastructure vulnerabilities. To address these tensions, the paper finds that NGOs utilize proactive strategies given by policy reform advocacy, making LLA typical within their organization, capacity building for local leaders and government, coordination platforms and, tailoring and community-driven designs. Such strategies help to promote greater local leadership (by providing the impetus), longterm community ownership, enhanced inclusivity and output-based adaptation delivery, thus reinforcing community resilience and accountability.\n\nThis paper seeks to identify obstacles and opportunities for effective integration of LLA, positing that transformative adaptation will only follow if NGOs re-orient themselves towards inclusive, rights-based framework of development processes that shift the locus of decision-making and funding away from the center. The results will also complement the discussions on recasting the role of civil society in responding to climate change, including forming alliances to build solidarity and reinforce local ownership. Eventually, this research aims to contribute to the development of more equitable and context-sensitive adaptation interventions that support livelihood resilience and justice for marginalized communities at the front lines of climate change.","2025-11-30",[],{"type":71},{"id":133,"title":134,"abstract":135,"date":136,"authors":137,"tags":23,"url":138,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":139,"theme":23,"country":23},82,"Adapting to climate change among transitioning Maasai pastoralists in southern Kenya: an intersectional analysis of differentiated abilities to benefit from diversification processes","With increasingly fragmented rangelands, restricted mobility and climatic stress, diversification has accelerated among East African pastoralists. Diversification is also promoted as a climate change adaptation strategy to reduce climatic exposure. Through a study of a Maasai communal land in southern Kenya, we analyze how pastoralists navigate changing access to key productive resources that are linked to diversification processes, social differentiation, and the reshaping of livelihood practices. By integrating an intersectional approach in access theory, we unpack a deeper level of context specific patterns of inclusion and exclusion embedded within evolving production relations.","2022-09-22",[],"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2121918",{"type":71},{"id":141,"title":142,"abstract":143,"date":144,"authors":145,"tags":23,"url":146,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":147,"theme":23,"country":23},83,"Is my vulnerability so different from yours? A call for compassionate climate change research","Current conceptualizations of vulnerability have so far served to describe—and reproduce— social difference, setting people apart at local and global scales. Yet vulnerability is fundamental to the connectedness in social relations critical to understanding and acting on climate change. A more compassionate type of research is urgently required; that is, one that goes beyond the material and political dimensions to investigate the deeply personal. Drawing on politics of adaptation, emotional geographies, sustainability science and psychology literatures, the paper reconceptualizes vulnerability as co-suffering, linking lived experiences with a shared humanity.","2022-04-07",[],"https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221083221",{"type":71},{"id":149,"title":150,"abstract":151,"date":152,"authors":153,"tags":23,"url":154,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":155,"theme":23,"country":23},84,"The Politics of Governing Resilience: Gendered Dimensions of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Kenya","This paper uses climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Kenya as an empirical entry point for investigating how climate actions reshape or reinforce gender relations, and how they are aimed at improving local resilience that is nested in such relations. While enhancing national foo security, CSA practices could however reproduce inequitable power relations, such as gendered authority relations that produce vulnerability and inequalities. Equity and knowledge represent particularly contested aspects of CSA because it largely fails to address who wins and who loses from such interventions, who are able to participate while others are excluded, and whose knowledge and perspectives count in decision-making processes. Gender relations provide a stark illustration of the way that CSA fails to address how enduring inequalities of access in both production and consumption shape who is rendered vulnerable to climate change and who is left food insecure. In this paper, we treat CSA projects as a site of tensions between stability and contestation of gender relations, brought into view through moments where practices and knowledges are (re)shaped. We first review the concepts of authority, recognition, and resilience as a framework to understand how gendered inequalities and struggles over rights to resources are perpetuated within adaptation and resilience responses to climate variability. We analyze evidence from past studies regarding rural adaptation processes and gender dimensions in CSA projects to identify how such projects may modify the space for renegotiating inequitable gender relations. We approach gender relations as authority relations that are constantly internalized, resisted, and contested through practices and interactions between different actors associated with CSA projects, and the different knowledges that direct these practices. The examination focuses on Kenya as an empirical context to gain sufficient depth in understanding the social and political processes in which climate actions and gender relations are nested, enabling us to identify key points of intersection within these two themes. In addition, gendered dimensions of rural resource governance and adaptation are relatively well-described in Kenya, providing lessons for how climate actions can become more gender-responsive.","2022-06-07",[],"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.864292",{"type":71},{"id":157,"title":158,"abstract":159,"date":160,"authors":161,"tags":23,"url":162,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":163,"theme":23,"country":23},85,"Transforming environmental governance: critical action intellectuals and their praxis in the field","Over the past decade, widespread concern has emerged over how environmental governance can be transformed to avoid impending catastrophes such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and livelihood insecurity. A variety of approaches have emerged, focusing on either politics, technological breakthrough, social movements, or macro-economic processes as the main drivers of change. In contrast, this paper presents theoretical insights about how systemic change in environmental governance can be triggered by critical and intellectually grounded social actors in specific contexts of environment and development. Conceptualising such actors as critical action intellectuals (CAI), we analyze how CAI emerge in specific socio-environmental contexts and contribute to systemic change in governance. CAI trigger transformative change by shifting policy discourse, generating alternative evidence, and challenging dominant policy assumptions, whilst aiming to empower marginalized groups. While CAI do not work in a vacuum, nor are the sole force in transformation, we nevertheless show that the praxis of CAI within fields of environmental governance has the potential to trigger transformation. We illustrate this through three cases of natural resource governance in Nepal, Nicaragua and Guatemala, and Kenya, where the authors themselves have engaged as CAI. We contribute to theorising the ‘how’ of transformation by showing the ways CAI praxis reshape fields of governance and catalyze transformation, distinct from, and at times complementary to, other dominant drivers such as social movements, macroeconomic processes or technological breakthroughs.","2022-02-22",[],"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01108-z",{"type":71},{"id":165,"title":166,"abstract":167,"date":168,"authors":169,"tags":23,"url":170,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":171,"theme":23,"country":23},87,"Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability","Health. Disability. Vulnerability. These words are often used when discussing the risks of climate disruption. These discussions warn of the potential for climate impacts to “undermine 50 years of gains in public health” (as stated by the Lancet Countdown on Climate Change). Increasingly, such discussions also acknowledge climate injustice, examining who will benefit or lose out from climate change, how and why. The embodied vulnerability of disabled people is often assumed within such discussions, with less consideration of the social, economic or political conditions that create this vulnerability. \n\nBy bringing disability justice and disability studies into correspondence with care, environmental and climate justice scholarship, this reflective paper challenges the master narratives that blur differentiated experiences of disability and climate impacts into a single story of inevitable vulnerability. Recognising disabled people as knowers, makers and agents of change, it calls for transformative climate action, underpinned by values of solidarity, mutuality and care. \n","2024-09-20",[],"https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.13169/intljofdissocjus.4.2.0048",{"type":71},{"id":173,"title":174,"abstract":175,"date":176,"authors":177,"tags":23,"url":178,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":179,"theme":23,"country":23},88,"Local Context Capacity Building Needs for Climate Change Adaptation among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda: Policy and Practice Implications","Climate change impacts threaten sustainable development efforts. The magnitude of the impacts, however, varies with socio-ecological characteristics of locations. This is the reason there is consensus on the necessity for climate change adaptive capacity building that is country driven, based on and responsive to local needs. However, information on context specific capacity building needs in developing countries is not readily available. The objective of this study was to establish location specific awareness, training, educational, research and technology capacity building needs for climate change adaptation among small-holder farmers in Uganda. Structured interviews were undertaken with 465 households from five agro-ecological zones selected based on the level of vulnerability of agricultural systems to the main climate variation and change hazards. Results reveal substantial capacity building needs in all the zones. Majority of the farmers needed capacity building for interventions on soil water conservation practices for adapting to drought and unpredictable rainfall. For all zones, education, research, and technology were perceived as key needs. However, the needs varied among zones. These results demonstrate the importance of context specificity in adaptation efforts. The study provides agroecological and social system specific information for climate change adaptation planning and policy interventions for effective capacity building.","2023-11-17",[],"doi.org/10.3390/cli12010010",{"type":71},{"id":181,"title":182,"abstract":183,"date":184,"authors":185,"tags":23,"url":186,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":187,"theme":23,"country":23},89,"Locally led adaptation: Promise, pitfalls, and possibilities","Locally led adaptation (LLA) has recently gained importance against top-down planning practices that often exclude the lived realities and priorities of local communities and create injustices at the local level. The promise of LLA is that adaptation would be defined, prioritised, designed, monitored, and evaluated by local communities themselves, enabling a shift in power to local stakeholders, resulting in more effective adaptation interventions. Critical reflections on the intersections of power and justice in LLA are, however, lacking. This article offers a nuanced understanding of the power and justice considerations required to make LLA useful for local communities and institutions, and to resolve the tensions between LLA and other development priorities. It also contributes to a further refinement of LLA methodologies and practices to better realise its promises. Ultimately, we argue that the utility of the LLA framing in promoting climate justice and empowering local actors needs to be tested empirically.","2023-06-07",[],"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01884-7",{"type":71},{"id":189,"title":190,"abstract":191,"date":192,"authors":193,"tags":23,"url":194,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":195,"theme":23,"country":23},90,"Advancing disability-inclusive climate research and action, climate justice, and climate-resilient development","Globally, more than 1 billion people with disabilities are disproportionately and differentially at risk from the climate crisis. Yet there is a notable absence of climate policy, programming, and research at the intersection of disability and climate change. Advancing climate justice urgently requires accelerated disability-inclusive climate action. We present pivotal research recommendations and guidance to advance disability-inclusive climate research and responses identified by a global interdisciplinary group of experts in disability, climate change, sustainable development, public health, environmental justice, humanitarianism, gender, Indigeneity, mental health, law, and planetary health. Climate-resilient development is a framework for enabling universal sustainable development. Advancing inclusive climate resilient development requires a disability human rights approach that deepens understanding of how societal choices and actions—characterised by meaningful participation, inclusion, knowledge diversity in decision making, and co-design by and with people with disabilities and their representative organisation —build collective climate resilience benefiting disability communities and society at large while advancing planetary health.","2026-04-01",[],"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00024-X",{"type":71},{"id":197,"title":198,"abstract":199,"date":200,"authors":201,"tags":23,"url":202,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":203,"theme":23,"country":23},91,"Between a rock and a hard place: exploring the lived experience of disability and climate injustice","This paper examines disability and climate injustice among rural livelihoods in Kenya and Uganda, foregrounding the importance of understanding, respecting and embedding the lived experiences of persons with disabilities (PWDs) in climate adaptation practice. Previous studies have highlighted the need to approach transformative adaptation through interventions that address the unjust knowledge and power relations that create vulnerability. Social injustice in essence describes the interlinked processes through which people come to be stuck between a rock and a hard place; a poignant way of characterizing the vulnerable situations that many PWDs have to navigate within everyday lives increasingly permeated by climate risk. Our study engages with everyday disability knowledges to explore how the disproportionate climate risks they experience intersect with processes of marginalization and a lack of access to the benefits of climate interventions. In both Kenya and Uganda, local adaptation decision-making structures involve explicit representation of PWDs. Despite this important progress, key dimensions through which exclusion and social injustices unfold are identified. The experiential knowledge of PWDs is essential to deepen our understanding of what it takes to build inclusive, mutual learning processes into transformative climate adaptation efforts, strengthening climate justice.","2025-12-12",[],"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2592263",{"type":71},{"id":205,"title":206,"abstract":207,"date":208,"authors":209,"tags":23,"url":210,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":211,"theme":23,"country":23},92,"Formal education as a contested pastoral adaptation pathway: insights from southern Kenya","In dryland pastoral environments, political and geographical marginalization has historically led to development strategies that poorly account for individual and communities’ spatial and socioeconomic realities. These development legacies, including long-standing epistemic biases in defining what should be adapted, are often insufficiently considered within adaptation research and practice. This article sets out to analyze the historical emergence and enactment of formal education as a contested adaptation pathway in southern Kenya. For this, I combine the strengths of the historically situated analyses of the pathways scholarship and feminist political ecology’s attention to the performance of intersectional relations of power in everyday livelihood practices. I bring together both archival data and qualitative primary data from focus group discussions (n = 16) and individual interviews (n = 122) conducted in three pastoral communities. The results exemplify the ways that non-climatic factors, such as increased formal school enrolment, (re)shape everyday livelihood practices and social aspirations, molding the current adaptation space. Notably, enacting formal education as an adaptation pathway requires one to navigate increasing cash pressures, mobility, and labor constraints. Wealth disparities, gendered norms, and geographies intersect to shape patterns of vulnerability, with poorer pastoralists residing further away from school centers facing difficult trade-offs on their time and resources. Understanding pathways enactments contributes to problematizing current logics of development and adaptation needs, while yielding important information on socio-spatial differentiation processes in pastoral systems. It also opens the space for further research to use these critical insights to identify alternative adaptation pathways that support more just transformations towards sustainability. ","2026-07-17",[],"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02269-6",{"type":71},{"id":213,"title":214,"abstract":215,"date":216,"authors":217,"tags":23,"url":218,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":219,"theme":23,"country":23},93,"Pathways for urgent action towards climate resilient development","There is a closing window of opportunity to ensure a sustainable future for all, with deep and rapid action needed this decade. Inclusive and just climate resilient development advances sustainable development and keeps open pathways to a liveable planet but requires urgent and fundamental shifts in prevailing development politics and practice. ","2024-11-22",[],"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02190-0",{"type":71},{"id":221,"title":222,"abstract":223,"date":224,"authors":225,"tags":23,"url":226,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":227,"theme":23,"country":23},94,"Dynamics of knowledge creation and use for disaster management in Chokwe district, Mozambique","**Purpose**\nDisaster management practices depend on societies' knowledge. As climate change rapidly reshapes knowledge, questions arise about how knowledge for disaster management is produced and (re)shaped in modern world and how effective it is to withstand the ever-growing frequency and magnitude of disasters. This paper discusses the dynamics of knowledge creation and its use for disaster management in Chokwe district, southern Mozambique.\n\n**Design/methodology/approach**\nThe study reviews historical archives to identify how disaster management knowledge has changed from pre-colonization to the present.\n\n**Findings**\nBefore colonization, local knowledge associated with traditions of asking gods and ancestors for rain and blessings in life prevailed. With colonization, around the 1500s, Portuguese rulers attempted to eliminate these local practices through an inflow of European settlers who disseminated scientific knowledge, built dams and irrigation schemes, which changed the region’s knowledge base and regimes of flooding and drought. After independence in 1975, the new government nationalized all the private property, expelled the settlers and imposed a socialist order. All knowledge on disaster management was dictated by the new government; those against this new order were sent to re-education centers implanted nationwide. Centralization of knowledge and power was, therefore, implanted. Socialism collapsed by the 1990s, and over time, there has been an amalgam of different knowledge bases and attempts to recognize local disaster management practices.\n\n**Originality/value**\nThe Chokwe case shows that knowledge for disaster management evolves with local socioeconomic, political and environmental changes.","2024-09-16",[],"https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-05-2024-0131",{"type":71},{"id":229,"title":230,"abstract":231,"date":232,"authors":233,"tags":23,"url":234,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":235,"theme":23,"country":23},95,"Typologies and determinants of coping responses to forage and water scarcity among livestock farmers in south-western Uganda: Does gender matter?","Context specific evidence, including understanding of gender–differentiated responses to shocks and stresses, could bolster adaptation and resilience building amongst agricultural communities, amidst a changing climate. However, information derived from such a perspective is currently deficient in livestock production literature. In this study, we use a gendered lens to assess responses of male– and female-headed livestock dependent households to drought–induced water and forage shortages in south-western Uganda. The study specifically addresses four questions: (i) What are the gender differentiated characteristics, and typologies of households involved in livestock production? (ii) How do the gender disaggregated household characteristics influence the perceived extent of effects of water and forage shortage? (iii) How do gender disaggregated household characteristics influence coping strategies to water and forage shortages? (iv) What are the gender–based roles in coping with water and forage shortages? Data were collected from livestock-dependent households using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analysed and presented using various techniques including descriptive and inferential statistics (e.g., principal components and cluster analyses, and ordered probit modelling). Results show that livestock production is persistently male-dominated, with female-headed households poorer and more likely to earn less (p \u003C 0.05) from livestock farming than their male-headed counterparts. Female heads of households were about 10 years older than their male-head counterparts, but they are more likely to be widows or single (p \u003C 0.05). Marital status and number of male employees were the most important factors for divergent views on the extent of water and forage shortage. Yet, household size and income were most important for coping with water and forage shortages. Coping with drought effects exhibited a gendered trend, and traditional gender roles in livestock management are changing. Our findings provide a basis for gender–responsive policy and practice interventions – in the changing contexts – for enhanced involvement of women in livestock production-based livelihoods.","2024-11-15",[],"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02459",{"type":71},{"id":237,"title":238,"abstract":239,"date":240,"authors":241,"tags":23,"url":242,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":243,"theme":23,"country":23},97,"Conservation Practices for Climate-Driven Drought Adaptation Under Smallholder Farming Systems in Southern Mozambique: A Systematic Review","Climate-driven droughts pose major threats to rainfed farming worldwide. To address these impacts, smart agricultural approaches focusing on conservation practices (CPs) have been widely recommended by institutions such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), among others. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on CPs for climate-driven drought adaptation and the barriers to their adoption in southern Mozambique, where drought is predominant. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search across four academic databases retrieved 595 records (2000–April 2025), of which 23 were peer-reviewed studies. Data was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 365 and NVivo 15. As a result, five major CPs were identified: (i) Minimum tillage; (ii) Mulching and residue retention; (iii) Maize–legume (cowpea, groundnuts, pigeon pea, and soybeans) intercropping and crop rotation; (iv) Drought-tolerant maize varieties; and (v) indigenous practices. The systematic review has shown that minimum tillage was associated with 89–90% increase in maize and legume yields; Mulching expands maize yields by 24–59%; intercropping increases maize and legume yields by more than 30%; drought tolerant maize varieties expand yields by 26–46%; and local practices support farming continuity and contribute to resilience, although quantitative yield effects were not reported, with adoption ranging from 75–100%. These findings suggest that minimum tillage and intercropping/crop rotation are the most effective CPs in enhancing yield and resilience. Despite their potential, the adoption is generally low (average around 40%, with some as low as 7–16% for minimum tillage). Reasons for limited uptake include economic, cultural, institutional, biophysical, and technological barriers. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy approaches that combine climate-smart agriculture with indigenous knowledge in southern Mozambique.","2026-03-05",[],"https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052525",{"type":71},{"id":245,"title":246,"abstract":247,"date":248,"authors":249,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":250,"theme":23,"country":23},198,"Effectiveness of Chisapani station flood early warning system in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya","Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) are essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation, particularly in flood-prone regions like Rajapur municipality, Bardiya. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of the Chisapani Flood Early Warning System, focusing on its strengths and limitations in reducing flood risks. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study utilizes deterministic forecast verification through the UN ESCAP toolkit, alongside a survey of 200 households, 32 key informant interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the Sana Kisan women’s group to assess communication and preparedness. The system demonstrates a commendable accuracy rate of 86%; however, it faces significant challenges, including a high false alarm ratio of 56% and a detection probability of only 63%, which undermine public trust and hinder effective event identification. The primary communication strategy relies on SMS alerts, supplemented by the Barghar-Chaukidar system that uses sirens and community networks, with SMS being the preferred method for most participants. Despite reporting an average advance notice of 2-3 hours, household preparedness remains at a neutral level, indicating a considerable gap between awareness and actual readiness. This research underscores the importance of integrating modern technologies with traditional practices, enhancing community training initiatives, and maintaining accessible evacuation sites to bolster overall disaster preparedness in Rajapur. By addressing these gaps, the community can improve its resilience to flooding and ensure a more effective response to future events.","2024-11-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":252,"title":253,"abstract":254,"date":255,"authors":256,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":257,"theme":23,"country":23},319,"Flood impact assessment on education of children and coping mechanism in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya district","Rajapur Municipality of Bardiya district is one of the major flood prone areas of Nepal. The Municipality is situated in between the two arms of the Karnali River and has a long history of flooding. The seasonal and unseasonal floods in Karnali and Geruwa river makes the community highly vulnerable. One of the major impact of floods can be observed in education sector so, this study highlights the impact of flood on education of children of Rajapur Municipality. Flood has cause significant impact on education quality and the learning environment of students. This study observed the impact of flood particularly in 23 schools (16 government and 7 non-government) within Rajapur municipality. Among 10 wards of Rajapur municipality this study includes ward no. 1, 3, 4 ,7 and 10. In ward no. 3, there is a concerning trend of high rates of male and female student repeaters after the flood which has led to a decline in academic performance over the last five years, emphasizing the urgent need for interventions and support systems to address this educational challenge. Simultaneously, ward no. 4 faces a distinct issue with the highest dropout rates after flood among both male and female students. From FGD and KII, economic crises after flood within families, household responsibilities and disinterest in subjects contribute significantly to this trend.\nThe coping strategies employed, relocating furniture and securing school items during the rainy season have been practiced. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaced approach, integrating infrastructure upgrades, educational support programs and community engagement. The creation of tailored interventions, considering the specific needs of each ward and school building, is crucial for revitalizing the educational landscape post-floods and ensuring sustained academic growth for the children in Rajapur Municipality.","2024-01-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":259,"title":260,"abstract":261,"date":262,"authors":263,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":264,"theme":23,"country":23},314,"Assessment of the flood induced loss and damage by using multi-dimentional poverty index in Melamchi municipalty Sindhupalchowk, Nepal","Flooding is one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, particularly impacting developing nations like Nepal. The June 2021 flood in Melamchi Municipality exemplified this, causing extensive damage to infrastructure, displacing hundreds of families, and highlighting the community's vulnerability to climate change. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) serves as a critical tool for assessing the socio-economic impacts of such disasters by considering various deprivations beyond income, including health and education. This study aimed to evaluate the flood-induced loss and damage in Melamchi Municipality using the MPI and socio demographic survey such as HHS, FGD and KII to understand how such events disproportionately affect impoverished households. The research findings revealed 0.03 MPI variation before and after flood which indicated that only 3% of people are considered to be multidimensionally poor, a significant increase in households classified as experiencing \"High\" poverty post-flood, particularly in wards 10 and 11. Specifically, Ward 10's MPI rose from 0.14 to 0.15, while Ward 11 experienced a dramatic increase from 0.12 to 0.27, indicating severe deterioration in living conditions. Overall, the number of households categorized as \"High\" poverty increased from 40 before the flood to 52 afterward, while those in \"Low\" poverty dropped from 58 to 38. Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between flood-induced loss and increased poverty levels across all observed wards. This stark reality emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive disaster recovery strategies that address both immediate needs and long-term resilience. The MPI's multifaceted approach enables stakeholders to identify vulnerable populations requiring targeted assistance in recovery efforts. Additionally, integrating local knowledge into recovery strategies fosters community ownership and ensures that initiatives are culturally appropriate. By employing the MPI in assessing flood impacts, policymakers can prioritize resources effectively and develop targeted interventions that promote equity in disaster response efforts. Ultimately, addressing the intersection of multidimensional poverty and flood risk is essential for developing effective disaster management strategies that enhance resilience and sustainability in Melamchi Municipality. Understanding this relationship will be crucial for creating inclusive disaster risk reduction measures that not only aim for immediate recovery but also focus on long-term socio-economic stability for affected communities.","2024-12-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":266,"title":267,"abstract":268,"date":269,"authors":270,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":271,"theme":23,"country":23},203,"Assessing the Status and Effectiveness of dykes in Lower Karnali River Basin, Rajapur Municipality, Bardiya, Nepal","Different flood adaptation techniques have been employed in Rajapur to prevent and control flood, but flood is still a problem there. One of the adaptation measures is the construction of dykes along the Karnali River. This study examines the status as well as effectiveness of dykes in Lower Karnali River Basin, Rajapur. Firstly, the design of the dykes is compared with some guidelines and the coordinates of areas which are in need of maintenance are collected and mapped on QGIS. Similarly, the impacts before and after the construction of dykes are compared in this study. In less than a decade of construction of dykes, it has breached in multiple locations; flooding Rajapur on several occasions. In addition, the dykes is not continuous: resulting areas without dykes vulnerable to flooding. Moreover, the breakage of dykes as well as the run off coming from Geruwa Municipality might be responsible for flooding in Rajapur almost every year. The study also found that the poor drainage system for the accumulated water on the land ward side into the river causes water logging for a long time. Similarly, spurs were also deteriorating in multiple locations and sediment deposition was high between spurs. The erosion of agricultural land and complete destruction of houses was found to be significantly lower after the construction of dykes, although prevention of flooding has not been achieved. This study suggests for more research to identify and monitor weak points on the dykes using fluid dynamics principles and hydraulic engineering software.","2023-12-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":273,"title":274,"abstract":275,"date":248,"authors":276,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":277,"theme":23,"country":23},321,"Indigenous adaptation strategies on flood by Tharu communities in Rajapur, Bardiya, Nepal","Flooding is a significant natural hazard in Nepal, particularly affecting the Terai region. The Rajapur municipality of Bardiya district is highly vulnerable to climate-induced floods. This study investigates the indigenous flood adaptation strategies employed by the Tharu community focusing on wards identified as highly vulnerable to flooding, specifically wards 1, 3, 4 (highly vulnerable) and 7, 9, 10 (very highly vulnerable) (LDCR,2022) due to their proximity to the Karnali and Geruwa rivers where previous incidents resulted in catastrophic loss and damages, ensuring that the study captures the experiences of those most affected. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques, including a semi-structured questionnaire with 210 households, 30 key informant interviews with community heads (Barghar) and ward leaders, and a focus group discussion with the Sana Kisan Women’s group. The study evaluates adaptation strategies across pre-, during-, and post-flood phases, using tools like the Likert scale, weighted average index (WAI), and chi-square tests to assess effectiveness and socio-demographic influences.\nKey practices include building embankments with local materials like bamboo & soil, diversifying livelihoods through various crops and livestock, creating temporary shelters from wood & thatch for safety, and managing resources sustainably with techniques like crop rotation. Socio-demographic factors, such as gender, age, education, income, and proximity to rivers, significantly influence adaptation strategies in Tharu communities. Research shows that men engage in fishing and diversifying their incomes, while women focus on food security through seed preservation. Age affects practices, with older individuals relying on traditional farming methods and younger individuals combining these methods with new ideas. Education enhances the application of traditional knowledge, and income levels determine the capacity for investing in sustainable practices. Communities near rivers experience more flooding but benefit from fertile land, while those farther away grow drought-resistant crops and seek alternative livelihoods. Traditional knowledge is vital but faces challenges from resource constraints and social pressures.",[],{"type":71},{"id":279,"title":280,"abstract":281,"date":282,"authors":283,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":284,"theme":23,"country":23},423,"Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Evaluation using HEC- RAS Modelling and Geospatial Tools in Lower Karnali River of Nepal","Flooding is one of the major natural hazards in Nepal, and most of the Terai region are flood prone areas. Among them Rajapur Municipality of Bardiya district is one of the highly flood risk areas. With the help of the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System), this research gives thorough hazard mapping and risk assessments in the downstream zone of the Karnali River Basin which is Rajapur Municipality for various return-period floods. The Karnali River was assessed throughout a ~38 km section from Chisapani to Nepal-India border. To perform hydrodynamic simulations, a time series of monthly discharge records from the Chisapani gauging station was used. Flooding conditions representing, 5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 200-year return periods (YRPs) were determined using Gumbel’s distribution with the highest daily average discharge of up 22,422 m3/s in 200 YRP. The area vulnerable to flooding in the study was carried out by household survey using (VRA) framework in Wards - 1, 3, 4, and 7 of the Municipality and risk maps were established using QGIS and HEC-RAS model. Flooding in agricultural land poses a high risk to food security, which directly impacts on residents’ livelihoods. Additionally, even after a five-year return period, the 2014 simulated flood (equal to a 100-YRP) had a significant impact on each ward and make them at high risk. In conclusion, this study can support in decision-making for better community settlement and the creation of flood control measures in Rajpur Municipality of the Bardiya district in the\nfuture.","2023-02-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":286,"title":287,"abstract":288,"date":289,"authors":290,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":291,"theme":23,"country":23},425,"Flood prediction using climate model in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya","Flooding refers to the condition where a certain area is partially or entirely submerged in water, which can occur naturally or as a result of human activities. Throughout history, rivers have been a critical source of energy, irrigation, hydroelectricity, and drinking water, but people living near rivers are often exposed to the danger of floods. Therefore, evaluating flood risk is essential for assessing the benefits of flood prevention methods and identifying any remaining hazards. Flood forecasting is a vital component of flood management and disaster risk reduction as it provides advance notice of flood events, protects people's lives and properties, and reduces the impacts of floods while improving the overall effectiveness of emergency response efforts. This study aims to predict future floods hazard zone in Rajapur municipality by using precipitation predicted by climate models This method can help manage weather fluctuations in the coming days and long-term climate shifts. The research focuses on predicting flooding in Rajapur through a flood inundation map, which can assist in understanding, assessing, and forecasting flood events and their effects on the Rajapur Municipality.\nHEC-HMS software is employed to construct the current hydrological model for the Karnali River basin. Utilizing a Python script with the CORDEX model, future precipitation data for the period 2022-2054 is projected, facilitating the estimation of future discharge within the HEC-HMS model. The HEC-RAS model is then utilized to create flood inundation maps for seven distinct flood return periods. These maps reveal that wards 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10, situated along the Karnali and Geruma Rivers, experience significant inundation during various return periods. The flood inundation maps provide valuable information for disaster preparedness, land-use planning, and decision-making to mitigate flood-related risks.","2023-09-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":293,"title":294,"abstract":295,"date":296,"authors":297,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":298,"theme":23,"country":23},424,"Livelihood vulnerability and adaptive strategies assessment of farmers living in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya","Flood is one of the serious problems in Nepal and annually several people were killed particularly in Terai. However, the study related vulnerability of floods was very limited so far. Thus, this study was objectively carried out to assess the change in rainfall and climate variability, to assess the livelihood vulnerability of farmers against flood, and to assess the adaptive strategies of farmers against flooding in Rajapur, Bardiya.\nRajapur Municipality wards 1, 3, 4, and 7 were selected as the study site. The households were categorized into large, medium, and small farmers. Climate data like temperature and rainfall for 30 years were gathered and 160 household survey was conducted. In addition, four focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were conducted to collect data aiming to find the vulnerability and adaptation practices. The climatic data were analyzed using trend analysis and different indices. Similarly, the livelihood vulnerability index was used to analyze the context of vulnerability and descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the data related to adaptation strategies. The result showed that the annual yearly temperature was increased by 0.0084⁰C and a similar trend in temperature was seen in all the seasons except the post-monsoon season. The annual average rainfall was increased by 8.318mm/year. The winter and post-monsoon rainfall trends were found to be decreasing whereas the pre-monsoon and monsoon rainfall was found to be in increasing trend. The overall LVI calculated from the major components indicates that small farmers were the most vulnerable to climate change, followed by medium farmers and the least vulnerable were large farmers. The LVI-IPCC index also showed the same pattern, small farmers were the most vulnerable and large farmers were the least. The adaptation strategies of early warning system, shelter house, elevated tube wells, capacity building training, social networks and embankment construction were found to be significant one against the impacts of floods. This research will be useful for decision-makers and the scientific community to understand the vulnerability context of floods from Rajapur, Bardiya.","2022-07-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":300,"title":301,"abstract":302,"date":303,"authors":304,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":305,"theme":23,"country":23},427,"Coping with the flood impacts by locals of Rajapur, Bardiya, Nepal","The Rajapur Municipality is one of the major flood-prone sites of Nepal and communities are more vulnerable because of seasonal and unseasonal floods in rivers like Karnali and Geruwa. These floods have caused significant damage to property and infrastructure, and have displaced thousands of people. This study was aimed at investigating the impacts of floods on occupation, adaptation strategies, and socioeconomic implications of adaptation strategies in Rajapur, Bardiya. The study used a mixed approach, both qualitative and quantitative to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted relationship between floods and local communities. Data were collected from six flood-prone wards encompassing 262 households. According to the findings, farmers, a vulnerable group, were significantly affected by floods, which led to both temporary and long-term changes in their occupations. The limited options available, such as switching to day laborer jobs, highlight farmers’ difficulties in maintaining their livelihoods. On the other hand, occupations such as businessmen displayed higher levels of resilience, with the majority continuing their work despite temporary disruptions. The research highlights the diverse adaptive strategies employed by individuals in response to flood impacts, with learning new skills emerging as a crucial strategy. This adaptation strategy enables people to diversify their work options and lessen exposure to disruptions brought on by flooding. The report also highlights the important role that taking loans plays in helping flood-affected individuals recover financially. Migration also emerged as a prevalent adaptation approach, encompassing the continuation of previous occupations in new locations or the acquisition of new skills for different employment opportunities.\nThe thesis further explores the socioeconomic implications of various adaptation strategies employed by flood-affected families. Learning new skills emerged as an effective strategy, leading to increased income through expanded job opportunities. In contrast, reliance on loans resulted in lower income levels due to repayment obligations. The study examines the effect of adaptation techniques on living expenses, revealing that learning new skills and migrating after learning new skills are associated with higher expenses. In comparison, loan-dependent families prioritize essential needs, and day laborers face financial challenges. Moreover, the research uncovers the influence of adaptation strategies on educational outcomes. Learning new skills and migrating after learning new skills positively affect children's education, while loans have a slightly negative impact. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics between floods, occupation, adaptation strategies, and socioeconomic conditions. My findings suggest that there is a need for more research on the long-term effects of adaptation strategies on flood-affected communities.","2023-06-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":307,"title":308,"abstract":309,"date":310,"authors":311,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":312,"theme":23,"country":23},318,"Effectiveness of ecosystem based flood adaptation strategies in indigenous community of lower Karnali region, Nepal","Flood is a natural hazard that particularly affecting the Terai region of Nepal, Rajapur Municipality is significantly affected by flood yearly. This research explores the effectiveness of ecosystem-based flood adaptation strategies in the Indigenous community of Rajapur municipality of Bardiya district. The research focuses on five flood prone wards (1, 3, 4, 7, and 10) of Rajapur Municipality adjoining Karnali river and its branches. Mixed-method approach: a household survey (n=190), focus group discussion, and key informant interview (n=7) was used for the study. It has explored the major ecosystem-based adaptation strategies employed by indigenous people in Rajapur, finds out their effectiveness, and the role of women in EbA by using regression analysis.\nEcosystem-based adaptation, like afforestation (plantation of trees like Bombyx ceiba(simal), Bambusa vulgaris(bamboo), Melia azedarach (Bakaino), Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo(sisam), Syzygium cumini(Jamun), Eucalyptus(sagun)etc. near agricultural fields, near irrigation canals, and banks of rivers, involves the construction of biodykes made up of (tree branches and wood, sacks filled with small stones, soil) and placed on the bank of rivers to build a wall-like structure were documented. Indigenous practice to protect seed for next year by keeping them in elevated houses, branches of trees, and a pot made up of mud and straw called “Dhehrai” (it is used for the protection of food grains and seeds from flood as well as pests) were also recorded. Tree plantation has shown effectiveness in improving soil health/quality, reducing soil erosion, and reducing flood impact due to their extensive root system and canopy cover. Effectiveness of walls made of branches of trees (biodykes), which help to reduce the risk of bank cutting, and its cost-effectiveness and features like easier to make, and can be built by farmers were also recorded. Women take part in many activities like afforestation, sustainable agricultural practices various training of EbA, implementing EbA activities in their community and play an important role.","2025-11-01",[],{"type":71},{"id":314,"title":315,"abstract":316,"date":282,"authors":317,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":318,"theme":23,"country":23},426,"Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Flood Affected and Non-affected Areas of Rajapur, Bardiya","Flood is one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters that affect billions of people worldwide. In Nepal, flood causes destruction of life and property in Terai region due to heavy seasonal rainfall. Flood changes the soil quality by altering the nutrient composition and by heavy sediment transport. In Rajapur, Bardiya, Karnali River in the west causes floods and inundation in fertile and cultivable land. Specific objectives of this research were to assess the physicochemical and biological properties of soil and compare the properties in flood-affected areas and non-affected areas. Soil nutrients were analyzed in lab, using Kjeldahl method for nitrogen, Modified Olsen’s bicarbonate method for phosphorus, Flame photometric method for potassium, Walkley and Black method for organic matter, pH meter for pH and moisture content, and Bouyoucos hydrometer method for soil texture.\nIn this research, the results showed that flood changes physicochemical properties in soil but the extent of the damage depends upon different factors like landforms, texture, and land use land cover. More specifically, the data reflected that nutrient contents were significantly different in agricultural area in active alluvial plain, where nitrogen decreased by 0.03 % in 0- 15 cm depth, phosphorus decreased by 4.12 kg/ha in 0-15 cm depth and 6.8 kg/ha in 15-30 cm, potassium increased by 102.14 kg/ha in 0-15 cm depth, and organic carbon decreased by 0.29% in flood-affected areas. But the nutrients were not significantly different in recent alluvial plain. The conclusion showed that flood did not necessary decrease the nutrient content and the impact was not consistent across different landform. This research provided a brief picture of nutrient content in soil in Rajapur, Bardiya, which can be a valuable tool for local farmers to determine the type of crops and need of suitable fertilizer for desired outcome.",[],{"type":71},{"id":320,"title":321,"abstract":322,"date":296,"authors":323,"tags":23,"url":68,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":324,"theme":23,"country":23},428,"Assessment of the flood-induced loss and damage to agricultural crops in Rajapur Bardiya","More frequent and severe extreme climate events have caused economic and non-economic losses and damages to local communities living in disaster-prone areas due to climate change. This study sought to understand the economic loss and damage to agriculture caused by the unseasonal flood that occurred on October 18–20, 2021 in the Rajapur Municipality alongside the bank of the Karnali River. The lower region of the Karnali basin where Rajapur Municipality lies often experiences floods. The Municipality is situated in between the two arms of the Karnali River and has a long history of flooding. Based on the household survey, FGD, KII, and secondary literature, the region witnessed floods in the years 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2020, and 2021. The study was mainly focused on the loss and damages experienced by small, medium, and large farmers residing along the bank of the Karnali River. The loss and damage were estimated mainly based on the proposed indicators by BIPAD (Building Information Platform against Disaster) in the agricultural sector. The selected indicators were agricultural land, paddy production, stored grains, livestock, and farm machinery. In 2021 October, due to the flooding event in Rajapur, the small farmers had a total economic loss of $ 21709.769 and medium farmers had a total economic loss of $50225.239 and large farmers had a total economic loss of 32393.491 in the agricultural sector. Among these production loss was $45888.774 in total.\n\nFrom the people’s perception, the 2021 October flood was the worst hit flood in terms of agricultural loss and damages as the flood swept away the paddy that was ready to be harvested. Small and medium farmer’s livelihood, income, and food security were found greatly impacted in compare to the large farmers. The study tried to explore the coping mechanisms of how the different farmers were coping with the loss and damages to support their livelihood and food security. They are dealing with L&D related to food security and income by buying rice, consuming wheat, education abandonment, loan taking, doing labor work, cultivating spring season rice, etc. The study also found that the adaptation measures like early warning system and embankment have helped them to prevent human casualties, however, it is challenging to control agriculture-based L&D.",[],{"type":71},{"id":326,"title":327,"abstract":328,"date":329,"authors":330,"tags":23,"url":331,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":332,"theme":23,"country":23},434,"Livelihood Vulnerability and Adaptive Strategies Assessment of Farmers Living in Rajapur Municipality, Bardiya, Nepal","Floods in the Terai region of Nepal cause substantial damage to property, increasing household indebtedness, disrupt sustainable livelihoods, and trigger migration. Despite the growing frequency and severity of floods, flood vulnerability remains under-researched.  This study assesses local climatic trends, livelihood vulnerability, and adaptation strategies among farmers in Wards 1, 3, 4, and 7 of Rajapur Municipality. Specifically, it analyzes local climate trends to determine hazard exposure and assesses the livelihood vulnerability of small, medium, and large farmers using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC frameworks. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of adaptation strategies adopted by these farmer groups in responding to climate-related hazards. It had combined 30 years of climate data with empirical evidence from 160 households, four focus group discussions, and five key informant interviews. Results indicated an average annual temperature increase of 0.0084 °C, with seasonally consistent warming trends, except during the post-monsoon period. Annual average rainfall increased by 8.318 mm annually, while seasonal patterns revealed declining winter and post-monsoon precipitation and rising pre-monsoon and monsoon rainfall. The data confirmed that the small farmers have the highest levels of vulnerability, followed by medium and large-scale farmers. Adaptation strategies identified as effective included early warning systems, flood shelters, raised tubewells, capacity-building programs, social networks, and river embankments. This finding contributed to a deeper understanding of flood-related livelihood vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in the region, providing evidence-based guidance for interventions and risk-reduction planning.","2026-03-03",[],"https://doi.org/10.66050/hk586293",{"type":71},{"id":334,"title":335,"abstract":336,"date":337,"authors":338,"tags":23,"url":339,"file":23,"project":23,"lla":69,"publication_type":340,"theme":23,"country":23},433,"Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Evaluation in the Lower Karnali River Basin of Nepal","This study presents flood hazard mapping and risk assessment using a hydrodynamic simulation in HEC-RAS tool, focusing on a 38 km stretch of the river from Chisapani to the Nepal-India border in the Lower Karnali River Basin (KRB). A time series of daily mean discharge records from the Chisapani gauging station was used for model simulations. Flood magnitudes of 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100- year return periods (YRPs) were estimated using Gumbel’s distribution, with the 100-YRP daily discharge of 20,343 m3/s. Field surveys were conducted in flood-prone areas of Rajapur Municipality using the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) framework. Results show that parts of Rajapur Municipality, Wards #1, #3, #4, and #7 are susceptible to inundation, even during normal flood events, with water depths reaching upto 10 m posing significant risk to the communities inhabiting in these areas. Agricultural land is particularly exposed, posing serious risks to food security and livelihoods. Moreover, even after a five-year return period, the 2014 flood simulations (equal to a 100-YRP) indicate that these wards remains highly vulnerable. This findings emphasizes the urgent need for improved settlement planning and the development of effective flood control measures in Rajpur Municipality.","2026-03-25",[],"https://doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v19i1.92144",{"type":71},true,[343,348,353,358,363,367,372],{"id":344,"title":345,"date":346,"cover":23,"body":347,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},39,"Short Course on Community based Adaptation Held in Satkhira","2024-09-28","The Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), in collaboration with the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), organized a short course titled “Community-Based Adaptation: Prospects of Satkhira” on 28 September 2024. The event took place in Satkhira Sadar and aimed to build local capacity and promote practical understanding of Community based Adaptation (CBA) in one of Bangladesh’s most climate-vulnerable regions.\n\nSatkhira, located on the country’s southwestern coast, faces frequent floods, salinity intrusion, and cyclones. The one-day course brought together 16 participants, including community members, local government officials, NGO representatives, youth leaders, and journalists. They shared their experiences and discussed local adaptation practices in light of recent devastating floods. The session began with an introduction from COLOCAL Project Officer Fahmid Mohtasin, who explained the project’s goal of promoting collaborative, community-led research and breaking away from top-down approaches.\nRafia Anjum Rimi, a COLOCAL Fellow from IUB, conducted the knowledge-building session. She introduced the basics of climate change adaptation and shared several successful local examples such as floating farming, clay pitcher irrigation, and hanging vegetable production. These innovative methods demonstrate how communities in flood-prone and saline-affected areas are adapting agriculture to survive changing climatic conditions.\n\nIn an open discussion moderated by Dr. K. Ayaz Rabbani, Dean of the School of Environment and Life Sciences, participants reflected on recent challenges and lessons. They highlighted recurring floods, poor infrastructure, and weak local coordination as major barriers. Many called for more flexible adaptation policies and stronger collaboration among government agencies and NGOs. Concerns over salinity intrusion, soil degradation, and declining crop yields were raised, alongside urgent needs for saline-resistant seeds and long-term water management solutions.\n\nParticipants also discussed the importance of community leadership, training, and exchange visits to strengthen local knowledge-sharing. Public health risks, particularly those affecting women and children due to saline water exposure, were emphasized. The event ended with a collective call for practical, inclusive, and sustainable adaptation actions to safeguard Satkhira’s communities.\n",{"id":349,"title":350,"date":351,"cover":23,"body":352,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},45,"ICCCAD-IUB Hosts Half-day Short Course on Climate Change and Locally-Led Adaptation","2025-02-23","On 23 February, 2025, the Department of Environmental Science and Management, under the COLOCAL Project, hosted a half-day short course featuring two compelling presentations on climate change adaptation and an interactive game on social inclusion. With an aim to introduce key aspects of climate change to people from a wide variety of disciplines lacking exposure to these concepts, the event attracted students majoring in economics, computer science, business studies, as well as graduates and professionals.\n\nThe first session was taken by Dr. Laura Kuhl, an associate professor from Northeastern University in Boston. It introduced the concepts of increasing disasters, global emissions, the carbon budget, climate financing, and climate justice, as well as the intersections of climate risk with poverty and other industries. She later emphasized how locally-led adaptation can be a possible solution for many of the climatological crises we are facing today.\n\nThis was followed by a session on urban adaptation by Abeda Tabassum, a PhD candidate from the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Seoul National University. She shared some of the interesting wind models she is working on while also breaking down key concepts like urban heat island, urban breeze circulation, cool roofs, etc. She also talked candidly about her own graduate school application process and her experiences in Korea, and extended support to any student interested in following a similar path.\nThe final session, conducted by Afsara Binte Mirza and Rawnak Jahan Khan from the International Center for Climate Change and Development, was an interactive game that introduced the ideas of social inclusion to the participants. Each of them received a character card representing a key stakeholder from a cyclone affected rural community. They were then encouraged to play the role of these characters as they attempted to build an action plan for future disaster events. The best performers received books as prizes at the end of the game.\n\nA participant playing the role of a 50-year-old amputee even exclaimed later how this game helped her to gain perspective on the struggles of persons with disabilities that often receive little support in our communities.\n\n***Media Coverage*** \n https://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2025-February/67c5468dcae97613b98b27ac\n",{"id":354,"title":355,"date":356,"cover":23,"body":357,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},44,"Locally Led Adaptation for All: ICCCAD-IUB Introduces the Concept of LLA through Experts and Interactive Games","2025-06-24","On June 24th, the COLOCAL Project hosted an engaging half-day introductory short course on Locally Led Adaptation (LLA), attracting participants from a wide range of academic disciplines. The course was designed to be interactive and informative, aiming to introduce core LLA concepts to a diverse audience.\nThe session opened with a lively icebreaker quiz conducted by Rawnak Jahan Khan Ranon and Samiha Saleha from the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), where participants shared their existing knowledge and perceptions of common LLA terms and ideas. This set the tone for the following session led by Savio Rousseau Rozario, LLA Programme Coordinator at ICCCAD, who explored the foundations and historical context of LLA. His session concluded with another interactive quiz, with full engagement of the participants.\n\nAfter a short break, Fahmid Mohtasin, Project Officer for COLOCAL, facilitated an interactive game developed by the International Federation for Red Cross (IFCC), focusing on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. The game simulated the impacts of climate change and emphasized the importance of climate-smart disaster risk reduction, decision-making, and using forecasts to guide community-based action. Participants gained firsthand understanding of managing vulnerability and responding to climate-related risks.\n\nThe final session was conducted by Sumaiya Binte Selim, Program Coordinator of the ICCCAD Youth team, who highlighted the critical role of youth in climate action. Her team shared real-world examples of how young people are actively engaging in LLA initiatives and creating impact at the community level.\nThe event concluded with closing remarks by Dr. K. Ayaz Rabbani, Dean of the School of Environment and Life Sciences. He commended the organizers and participants for their enthusiasm and distributed prizes to the winners of the games and quizzes, bringing the session to a warm close.\n\n***Media Coverage***\nhttps://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2025-June/686b8c132cb49b16cbe9f92c",{"id":359,"title":360,"date":361,"cover":23,"body":362,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},42,"ICCCAD-IUB Partners with Lal Sabuj Society to Conduct Community Needs Assessment to Strengthen Climate Adaptation in Patuakhali’s Erosion-Prone Areas","2025-05-22","On May 21 and 22, the COLOCAL project, under DESM, IUB, conducted a needs assessment in the river erosion risk areas of the Bauphal and Mirzaganj upazilas in Patuakhali district. The project partnered with the local youth organization Lal Sabuj Society, whose community ties and local insight were instrumental in facilitating meaningful engagement with residents. With this assessment and the planned training workshop following it, COLOCAL aims to strengthen the climate change adaptation knowledge and capacity of communities most exposed to environmental risks.\n\nDuring the assessment, the team—working closely with Lal Sabuj Society—engaged community members through group discussions and interviews to gauge their awareness of climate change and its local impacts. The assessment revealed that knowledge regarding climate change is very limited in these areas as government and non-government activities of this nature are mostly concentrated in the Kalapara upazilla of Patukhali. The conversations also revealed how communities prioritize more creative mediums like videos and games for their learning needs rather than the traditional formats, but there was also some interest in the traditional seminar format as it provides communities with a platform to voice their concerns to local leaders and administrators. \n\nThe findings from this assessment will directly inform the development of training content tailored to the community’s needs. In the coming months, the project team will return to Patuakhali to deliver a full-day workshop focused on closing the identified knowledge gaps. This participatory approach, strengthened by local partnerships, ensures that the training will be both relevant and practical, supporting local resilience through stronger, community-driven climate adaptation strategies.\n",{"id":364,"title":365,"date":361,"cover":23,"body":366,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},43,"ICCCAD-IUB Partners with Nirmol Bangladesh to Conduct Community Needs Assessment to Strengthen Adaptation Capacity in Cox Bazar’s Cyclone-Prone Areas","On May 21 and 22, the COLOCAL project, under DESM, IUB, conducted a needs assessment in the cyclone risk areas: Najiratake, Khuruskhul, and Choufolondi of Cox’s Bazar district. The project partnered with Nirmol Bangladesh, whose community ties and local insight were instrumental in facilitating meaningful engagement with the farmer and fisherman communities there. With this assessment and the planned training workshop following it, COLOCAL aims to co-create knowledge outputs with a view to strengthen the adaptation capacity of communities most exposed to environmental risks.\n\nDuring the assessment, the team—working closely with Nirmol Bangladesh—engaged community members through group discussions and interviews to gauge their awareness of climate change and its local impacts. Some interesting findings included the locals’ belief of the Matarbari Coal Powerplant, as well as the Cox’s Bazar Wind Powerplant disrupting the ecological balance. They also expressed discontent for being excluded in the decision-making process for fishing bans. Furthermore, they heavily emphasized on the negative impacts of trawling in the region, resulting in ecological damage, overfishing, and threatening their livelihoods. As for livelihood diversification programs in the area, the fisherman communities showed a general lack of interest in activities that detach themselves completely from the lifestyle they are generationally accustomed to.\n\nThe COLOCAL project intends to leverage these findings to directly inform the development of training modules. In the coming months, the team intends to return to these areas to conduct a co-creation workshop focused on building the knowledge capacity and also creating a communication platform for the communities and the local government. This participatory approach, strengthened by local partnerships, ensures that the training will be both relevant and practical, supporting local resilience through stronger, community-driven climate adaptation strategies.\n\n***Media Coverage***\nhttps://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2025-July/6885fa558ea81bddb05a9f09",{"id":368,"title":369,"date":370,"cover":23,"body":371,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},40,"Roundtable Discussion on CCD Course Design to Incorporate LLA","2024-11-30","The COLOCAL project arranged a roundtable discussion on November 30, 2024 at the Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) campus to gather inputs from experts regarding the development of academic modules focusing on Community-based Adaptation (CBA) and Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) that is later planned to be implemented into a course of the Climate Change and Development (CCD) MSc. at the Department of Environmental Science and Management, IUB. The COLOCAL team for the event included the project coordinator, Dr. K. A. Rabbani and the project officer, Fahmid Mohtasin, who brought together LLA specialists from the International Center for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), including Savio Rousseau Rozario and Rawnak Jahan Khan Ranon, and ongoing MSc students under the CCD programme. It was a fruitful discussion that raised many interesting aspects of developing an effective course on the topic. The participants and the team were all in agreement that the course must first introduce the key concepts, principles, history, and the evolution of CBA to LLA. The need for showcasing successful and unsuccessful case studies of LLA was also mentioned. Furthermore, it was made clear from the discussion that the course needed to follow a practical approach to learning through engagement with communities and external stakeholders rather than following the traditional structure of an academic course. This was planned to be achieved through a field assignment for the students in climate vulnerable areas of the country and through paper presentations to stay updated on the contemporary literature on LLA. Prior to the field assignment, the need for a module introducing the tools and techniques of LLA was also communicated. The discussion then progressed to talks of possible administrative limitations and the changes required that could add to the success or failure of the course.\n\n***Media Coverage***\nhttps://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2024-December/675bd0e0aa01e0f370d4687d\n",{"id":373,"title":374,"date":375,"cover":23,"body":376,"type":23,"lla":69,"project":23},47,"Makerere University’s Initiatives to Empower Local Farmers to Lead Collaborative Learning for Climate Change Adaptation in Uganda","2026-04-10","Climate change continues to disrupt agricultural production, placing local farmers who depend heavily on nature for survival at a growing risk.  As part of the COLOCAL project activities in Uganda, Makerere University, in partnership with the Kiboga District Local Government and local farmers, implemented farmer-led collaborative learning processes. The intention of these activities was to support the development of solutions that are grounded in local realities and the farmers’ expressed needs, and that build capacity and ownership within the farming community.\n\nThe initial process, once the farmer groups had been created, involved the farmers identifying and prioritizing learning needs and creating a collaborative learning plan. The plan included learning objectives, working procedures, intended activities and roles for partners that the groups identified. This stage concluded with the sharing of the collaborative learning plans and needs with potential partners that the farmers had identified, which included model farmers in the community, technical officers from local government, political leaders, representatives of Non-Governmental Organization (NGO’s), private sector actors and researchers. \n\nA workshop was then organized where farmers worked together with the partners they had identified to develop specific cooperative actions that would help the farmers address their learning needs. The various commitments made and resources provided to farmers at this workshop allowed them to address their learning needs using different methods. The methods used included demonstration gardens, facilitated discussions, farm visits, and learning-by-doing experiments. Model farmers showcased her best practices for feeding goats, coffee farmers demonstrated how the establishment of trenches (Fanya-juu) can help control water run-off during the rainy season, etc. The collaborative learning process also included dissemination events where farmers presented their findings to, amongst others, fellow farmers, community members, religious leaders, and political representatives. The events provided an opportunity to link farmer-led learning to policy and practice on climate change adaptation.            \n\nThe farmer-led collaborative learning process empowered local farmers in the following ways: \n\n●\tConfidence in informing and owning decision making\n\nFarmers, including the youth, women, and elderly, confidently presented and shared their adaptation priorities with political and technical leaders during collaborative learning meetings and workshops. This provided an opportunity for farmers to articulate their own priorities rather than having adaptation decisions imposed by external actors, thereby ensuring that adaptation measures captured their needs and were responsive to local realities.\n\n●\tNetwork building for information and resource access \n\nNetwork linkages established through collaborative learning strengthened farmers’ connections with model farmers, agriculture extension workers, NGOs, and community-based organizations. These relationships expanded their access to knowledge, resources, and built their social capital. Through collaborative learning, the farmers were better positioned to make informed choices on best farming practices that resulted in increased agricultural productivity.\n\n●\tCollective action to challenge the status quo\n\nCollaborative learning provided an opportunity for farmers to work together and jointly identify their priorities. Organizing these priorities as a unified demand, rather than as scattered individual concerns, strengthened their collective voice. By presenting a unified set of priorities, farmers were better positioned to influence government decision-making through the inclusion of their needs and priorities in district planning and budgeting cycles. This challenged the status quo, which was largely characterized by government pre-determining interventions and farmers being treated as passive recipients.  \n\n●\tRecognising and strengthening inherent capacity and capabilities \n\nFarmers showcased their capabilities by demonstrating how learning needs were addressed using locally available resources. By sharing indigenous and experiential knowledge, farmers highlighted practical solutions rooted in the local context. This process fostered strong local ownership of adaptation measures, as farmers viewed the solutions as their own rather than externally imposed. Such ownership laid the foundation for sustainability by increasing long-term commitment, continuity, and the likelihood that adaptation practices are maintained and adapted over time. ",[378,383,388,393,398,403,407,411,416,421,424,427,431,436,441,444,449],{"id":379,"title":380,"date":381,"cover":23,"body":382,"lla":69,"projects":23},31,"The COLOCAL Project Partners with the LLA Programme to Host Policy Dialogue in Barisal, Bangladesh","2025-07-27","On 27 July 2025, the COLOCAL project under the Department of Environmental Science and Management organised a Policy Dialogue session at the CARITAS Regional Office in Barisal. This was done in partnership with the Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) Programme at the International Center for Climate Change and Development for their launch of an LLA divisional platform in Barisal.\n\nTwo students from the 2025 COLOCAL Fellowship cohort, Ragib Mahmood Shuvo and Syed Irfan Uddin,  presented their research proposals to local GO/NGO representatives, academicians, youth leaders, and others participating at the event. The session was facilitated by Fahmid Mohtasin, Project Officer for COLOCAL.\n\nThinking of the ecosystem as a living entity, Syed Irfan Uddin’s research idea focused on how cyclones impact the surrounding regions and how the local community can take anticipatory actions to reduce, restore, and revive the essential services the ecosystem provides. A mixed-methodology approach, incorporating Machine Learning models and a community survey, would be used to identify the most vulnerable ecosystems by considering the extent of community reliance on them. Participants in the policy dialogue provided valuable feedback on integrating policy and utilising the assessment and prediction tool to better support the community in developing locally led adaptation strategies.\n\nRagib Mahmood Shuvo presented his proposed MSc thesis as well, which aims to investigate groundwater salinity intrusion in coastal Bangladesh to inform locally-led adaptation. The study integrates three key methods: geospatial modeling to map salinity pathways, future risk scenario analysis to project climate impacts, and a community-based assessment to understand local adaptive capacities. This comprehensive approach aims to provide actionable insights for developing sustainable and community-supported solutions. The presentation sparked thoughtful feedback from the local stakeholders, who emphasised the need for preventative groundwater protection and technology-driven yet locally supported solutions.\n\n_The COLOCAL project is under the NORHED programme of NORAD with IUB as an implementing partner._\n\nPhotos: Md Shahadat H Shahal\n\n***Media Coverage***\nhttps://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2025-July/68ae76a92694aff82408a07d\n",{"id":384,"title":385,"date":386,"cover":23,"body":387,"lla":69,"projects":23},30,"COLOCAL Project holds Policy Dialogue on Climate Change Adaptation in Khulna, Bangladesh","2024-11-07","On November 7, 2024, the Department of Environmental Science and Management, IUB and the International Center for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) arranged a policy dialogue at the Hotel Castle Salam of Khulna City under the COLOCAL project. The event primarily focused on showcasing the research work of two COLOCAL fellows of the Climate Change and Development MSc. program; Shahadat Hossain (Batch 2021) and Ishrat Jahan (Batch 2022). The policy implications of their studies were put forward, which fueled a fruitful discussion amongst the stakeholders present.\n\nThe studies being based in Khulna and the Tala upazila of Satkhira respectively, the participants mostly consisted of local level actors from the government and non-government organisations in these areas. This included officers from the government departments of environment, agriculture, social services, women affairs, youth development, the water development board, etc. Representatives from long standing NGOs like Rupantar, DALIT, Parittran, CARITAS were also present, alongside active members from the Dalit and the indigenous Munda communities.\n\nThe event began with a welcoming speech by the COLOCAL Project Officer, Fahmid Mohtasin, and opening remarks from the Project Coordinator and Associate Professor, Dr. K. Ayaz Rabbani. Rafia Anjum Rimi, a COLOCAL fellow of 2024, then took the stage to provide a brief on the current policy landscape regarding climate change adaptation. The programme then moved on to the main event with Shahadat Hossain and Ishrat Jahan presenting their works with feedback sessions in between where the local stakeholders discussed a number of relevant social and environmental issues plaguing their region, including fresh water shortages, exclusionary practices, child marriage, plastic pollution, etc.\n\nThe executive engineer of the Bangladesh Water Development Board in Khulna then showcased the vulnerabilities of the polder communities in Khulna, followed by Swapan Kumar Das, executive director of DALIT, taking a session on the vulnerabilities of the Dalit communities. The event soon ended with closing remarks from Swapan Kumar Guha, the executive director of Rupantar and an open discussion amongst all the participants.\n\n**Media Coverage:** \n\nDaily Inqilab: [উপকূলীয় এলাকায় জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের ফলে মাটির উর্বরতা কমছে, খুলনায় অনুষ্ঠিত ডায়ালগে বক্তারা](https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/701423)\n\nBongo News: [নগরীতে জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন বিষয়ক সংলাপ অনুষ্ঠিত](https://bangonews.com/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8/)\n\nIUB: [DESM and ICCCAD hold policy dialogue on climate change adaptation in Khulna](https://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2024-November/67357617b29ba32a80ea0d05)",{"id":389,"title":390,"date":391,"cover":23,"body":392,"lla":69,"projects":23},11,"COLOCAL Fellows of Bangladesh Present Research at COLOCAL Seminar Series","2025-07-28","Bangladesh hosted the July session of the COLOCAL Seminar Series after Mozambique led the first event in June. The monthly seminar was started at the COLOCAL annual meeting in Uganda to help fellows from different countries learn from each other and share their work. The July session featured three fellows from Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) - Mohammad Julfiqar Haider, Rafia Anjum Rimi, and Chowdhury Alfi Afroze. Their research showed Bangladesh’s strong role in promoting locally led adaptation (LLA) and climate resilience.\n\nMohammad Julfiqar Haider presented his study, “Exploring Effective Strategies for Integrating Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) into NGOs in Bangladesh.” His research focused on Shyamnagar, a coastal area that faces many climate risks. He talked with NGOs such as BRAC, LEDARS, and UNDP to understand how they use LLA in their projects. His findings showed that many organizations involve communities in planning but face several problems such as strict donor rules, limited local capacity, and lack of national policy support. He suggested more flexible funding, better policy alignment, and stronger cooperation among NGOs, government, and donors.\n\nRafia Anjum Rimi presented her thesis proposal, “From Community-Based to Locally Led Adaptation: Assessing Effectiveness for Climate Migrants in Khulna’s Urban Informal Settlements.” She is studying how different types of local leadership such as ward-level, municipal, or settlement-based  affect adaptation results. She explained that climate migrants often face land insecurity and are excluded from city planning. Her study will recommend ways to make local governance more inclusive and secure for these vulnerable groups.\n\nChowdhury Alfi Afroze shared her research titled “Reimagining Coastal Resilience: Indigenous Adaptation, Nature-Based Solutions and Biotech for Sustainable Farming in Bangladesh.” She aims to link traditional farming knowledge with modern biotechnology and nature-based methods. Afroze found that scientific innovations are often not accessible to rural farmers. Her research suggests combining indigenous knowledge, sustainable agriculture, and biotech tools to build climate-smart and resilient farming systems.\nThe seminar ended with positive feedback from faculty and fellows. The session reflected COLOCAL’s goal to connect young researchers and support local solutions for climate change across partner countries.\n",{"id":394,"title":395,"date":396,"cover":23,"body":397,"lla":69,"projects":23},73,"Panel Discussion at the Adaptation Futures 2025 Conference in New Zealand","2025-10-26","The international partners for the COLOCAL project arranged a panel discussion on their recent/ongoing research publications at the Adaptation Futures 2025 Conference, held in Christchurch, New Zealand, from October 13 to 16, 2025. The research focuse was primarily on advancing locally led adaptation through grassroots initiatives and policy impact.\n\nRepresenting IUB were Dr. K. Ayaz Rabbani, Associate Professor and Project Coordinator of COLOCAL, and Fahmid Mohtasin, Research Officer for the project. They joined COLOCAL collaborators from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), including Professor Matthew Cashmore, Project Lead of COLOCAL, and Professor Siri Eriksen, for a panel discussion titled “Making Locally Led Adaptation a Reality: Advances from Research on and with Indigenous and Local Peoples.”\n\nThe panel, held on October 15 from 11:30 AM to 12:45 PM, brought together researchers working on the frontlines of climate adaptation with indigenous and local communities. Discussions centered on the practical challenges and opportunities of implementing locally led adaptation and the importance of co-producing knowledge that reflects community realities.\n\nThe session also featured online contributions from Ishrat Jahan, a COLOCAL Fellow from the 2022 cohort at IUB, Graca Jonas, a PhD student at Eduardo Mondlane University (Mozambique), and Edwige Marty, a PhD student at NMBU (Norway). Their participation enriched the dialogue with insights from different regional contexts, emphasizing COLOCAL’s truly collaborative and cross-regional approach.\n\nThe Adaptation Futures 2025 Conference is one of the world’s leading events on climate adaptation and brings together global experts, practitioners, and policymakers to share innovative research and practical experiences. IUB’s involvement reflects its ongoing commitment to advancing climate adaptation research and contributing to global discussions on resilience, local leadership, and sustainable development.",{"id":399,"title":400,"date":401,"cover":23,"body":402,"lla":69,"projects":23},26,"Mongla: An Exception or Example?","2022-04-06","The port city of Mongla in Bangladesh has become an impressive example of a city adapting to internal migrants. In the last decade, Mongla has grown from a humble population of 40,000 to a staggering 150,000, most of the new settlers being low-income climate migrants (The Daily Star, 2022). This article discusses the rise of Mongla and its future implications.\n\nWhen it comes to human displacement, Bangladesh has received a lot of global attention recently because of the ongoing Rohingya crisis. The crisis definitely deserves the attention it is getting, but let that not take away from the fact that Bangladesh is simultaneously having to cope with thousands of internal climate migrants every year. Due to its geographical characteristics, Bangladesh has always been threatened by a number of natural hazards. However, with climate change accelerating, the frequency and intensity of these forces have increased significantly, forcing unprecedented numbers of marginal people in the Bangladeshi countryside to abandon their homes, especially in the coastal and riverine areas. To make matters worse foreign aid agencies have not been providing sufficient support to developing countries in order for them to withstand the effects of climate change (United States Government Accountability Office, 2019). For Bangladesh, the recent trends in erosion, embankment collapse, salinity intrusion, flooding, droughts, landslides have all contributed to displacing millions of people, many of whom have nowhere else to turn. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) here has recorded a total of 772,033 internally displaced persons (IDP) as of December 2020, almost half of which are due to climate events (Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, 2021). This number could reach up to 19 million by the year 2050 according to reports from the Internal Panel on Climate Change.\n\nBangladesh’s capital, Dhaka has made a name for itself for being one of the most unlivable cities in the world recently due to its population density, environmental pollution, and several other factors (Molla & Habib, 2022). The capital holds 47,500 people per square kilometer with a total of over 22 million people. A third of the total population live in slums lacking even the most basic infrastructure like electricity, gas, or running water (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Despite these alarming conditions, with nowhere else to go, Bangladeshi migrants mostly look towards the capital because of its reputation as the country’s economic lifeblood. According to recent growth statistics, 700,000 new settlers arrive at the city’s gates every year, 400,000 of which are low-income migrants and internally displaced persons. They mostly settle in the aforementioned slums encompassing the city’s borders. The International Organization for Migration found that an estimated 70% of the slum dwellers in Dhaka moved due to environmental risks and challenges. Quality of life reaches an all-time low in the slums. Lack of space, hygiene, nutrition, basic goods and services, etc. makes life significantly worse for the migrants as opposed to the conditions of their lost homes. Child mortality rates in these parts are twice that of the country’s average. Local authorities in Dhaka do not view the slum population kindly but rather treat them as illegal squatters. Development projects ignore this demographic entirely, and they aren’t even given access to essential public services like electricity, water, or gas (McDonnell, 2019). \n\nTaking all these factors into consideration, Dhaka has become a cautionary tale for megacities around the world. It is being crushed by the weight of its own people. Its natural resources are depleting beyond measure; cost of land, assets, and even essential products reaching new heights; environmental degradation directly affecting the physical health of its citizens, and so on.\n\nDecentralization has been suggested by most experts as the only plausible long-term solution, which is where the port city of Mongla receives its introduction. The export processing zone (EPZ) in Mongla has seen immense growth in recent years from receiving almost twice as much foreign investments. This has created a number of new blue-collar jobs and has made it possible for the city to welcome internally displaced persons from across the country with open arms. The city has turned what many would consider a burden into an opportunity and created a win-win situation where the migrants can start anew, and the city can utilize the human capital (Ahmed & Choat, 2022). Outside of providing jobs, the city has also taken up many development projects to improve the safety and quality of life for the community. A fresh water treatment and distribution system now provides running water to 50% of residences as opposed to 33% previously. Two new flood control gates and an 11-kilometer embankment along with a marine drive have also been developed to better safeguard the community from any seasonal flooding or cyclones. Minor projects include brick pathways, tree plantation, security cameras, etc. (McDonnell, 2019).\n\nThe blueprint behind this rapid transformation in Mongla was developed by the International Centre for Climate Change (ICCC). This plan of ‘Transformative Adaptation’ is an attempt to ease the struggles of Dhaka by redirecting migrants to relatively smaller urban centers with room for growth. In an interview, Saleemul Huq, director of the Dhaka-based ICCC praised the city as a success story and further added that they hope to replicate this model to two dozen more towns similar to Mongla which can accommodate for approximately 500,000 migrants each. In fact, he claimed that they are currently in talks with many of the mayors and officials of the identified municipalities. An estimated 10 million internally displaced persons can be provided with shelters within the next decade if this plan succeeds (Ahmed & Choat, 2022).\n\nThe sky is the limit for Mongla as officials discuss further local and foreign investments in the rising city. A government spokesperson recently declared that there are possibilities of 10 more factories being established there, creating thousands of new jobs and potentially elevating the humble city to a higher growth status. The current mayor of Mongla, Sheikh Abdur Rahman, has also revealed many ongoing projects which include widening the Mongla river channel and accommodating for bigger ships through dredging, and constructing a rail line to connect the city to an economic hub across the border in India (The Daily Star, 2022).\nBangladesh is often regarded as a leading example in disaster management by the international community, and it’s easy to understand why when we look at Mongla. The incredible tenacity of the country’s people has so far allowed them to survive through much of the horrors of climate change. Technical, financial, and logistical support from the international community has played a crucial role in this outcome as well. However, the question still remains how long Bangladesh can hold on against climate change with environmental conditions deteriorating further and further every year, and the goal set in the Paris Agreement seeming more and more unattainable.\n\n\nReferences\n\nAhmed, K., & Choat, I. (2022, January 24). Port in a storm: the trailblazing town welcoming climate refugees in Bangladesh. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jan/24/port-in-a-storm-the-trailblazing-town-welcoming-climate-refugees-in-bangladesh\n\nBangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.\n\nInternal Displacement Monitoring Center. (2021). Global Report on Internal Displacement 2021. Internal Displacement Monitoring Center.\n\nMcDonnell, T. (2019, January 24). Climate change creates a new migration crisis for Bangladesh. Retrieved from www.nationalgeographic.com: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/climate-change-drives-migration-crisis-in-bangladesh-from-dhaka-sundabans\n\nMolla, M. A.-M., & Habib, W. B. (2022, March 31). Unlivable? Why is Dhaka such a mess? The Daily Star.\n\nThe Daily Star. (2022, March 30). ‘Climate-resilient’ Mongla offers new life to thousands of internally displaced. The Daily Star. Retrieved from https://www.thedailystar.net/environment/climate-change/news/climate-resilient-mongla-offers-new-life-thousands-internally-displaced-2994001\n\nUnited States Government Accountability Office. (2019). Climate Change Activities of Selected Agencies to Address Potential Impact on Global Migration. United States Government Accountability Office.\n\n",{"id":354,"title":404,"date":405,"cover":23,"body":406,"lla":69,"projects":23},"IUB hosting a 2-day Conference on the Environment and Changing Climate under the COLOCAL Project","2025-11-15","The Environment & Changing Climate 2025 conference, hosted by the Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) and the COLOCAL project, will bring together researchers, industry experts, and development practitioners from a diverse range of fields to explore the alignment of global strategies with locally-led climate action. The conference will take place on November 20 and 21, 2025, at the IUB campus in Dhaka, Bangladesh.\n\nThe conference is initiated under the COLOCAL project, serving as the event’s thematic backdrop as well. Operating under the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation’s NORHED II 2021-2026 program, the COLOCAL project aims to create a greater evidence base on Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA) in the Global South through undertaking research that focuses on vulnerable communities facing diverse climate risks, adopting bottom-up approaches to knowledge co-creation.\n\nIn alignment with COLOCAL’s objectives, the conference adopted the theme “Global Strategies and Local Actions,” bringing attention to how urgent environmental challenges should be navigated through the lens of inclusive, community-driven approaches. By bridging research, policy, and practice, the conference will shed light on how instrumental local knowledge and lived experiences can be in ensuring that adaptation efforts remain both equitable and effective.\n\nThe two-day program will be packed with close to 80 oral presentations and 40 poster presentations of emerging research in this field. The program will also feature keynote speeches from distinguished guests, a wide range of oral and poster presentations, and environmentally-themed artistic performances, all while creating a platform for interactive discussions and meaningful knowledge-sharing. The conference will also feature a series of workshops and thematic sessions designed to strengthen interdisciplinary learning and amplify community voices. \n\nDr. A Atiq Rahman will be providing the keynote speech, leveraging his decades of research experience in this sector, and Dr. Faisal Kabir will also be providing a secondary keynote, exploring how the Local Service Providers (LSP) model can directly contribute to a bottom-up approach in sustainable agriculture by providing community-based services to farmers. Complementing this, _CIMMYT_, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, _Shushilan_, and the _Paribartan Project_ under _ICCCAD_, will host their workshop on “_Tools for Systemic Locally Led Adaptation (LLA)_,” where participants will be introduced to practical frameworks for assessing climate risks, co-creating solutions, and embedding community priorities into adaptation planning.\n\nThe roster of sessions will also bring forth the human dimensions of climate vulnerabilities, as exemplified by “_Path to Equity for a Sustainable Future_,” hosted by local leaders from the Dalit and Munda communities of Satkhira. This session aims to advocate for people who face vulnerabilities at the intersection of climate disasters and human rights, as addressed by the local leaders from two such communities. To further showcase the importance of LLA-driven adaptation strategies and grassroots capacity-building, the session, “_Advances in Research from COLOCAL Fellows Around the World_,” will feature COLOCAL fellows from Bangladesh and Uganda who will share their research on climate governance and community resilience. _Nirmol Bangladesh_ will also host a workshop on \"Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Building,\" focusing on knowledge sharing for locally-driven adaptation strategies in the face of disasters.\n\nYouth engagement remains a prominent theme across the sessions as well, with the INFLUENCERS group hosting a workshop to equip young leaders with tools for advocacy, storytelling, and community engagement, drawing from the experiences of displaced communities in Bangladesh. This is also complemented by an educational drama performance by _Rupantar_, and a climate change-themed music performance by the _Muiz Mahfuz Band_. Furthermore, the “_Academic Writing and Publishing for Early Career Researchers_” workshop, offered by the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, will provide early-career researchers with practical guidance on academic writing, structuring research papers, and navigating the publication process to strengthen their research communication skills. \n\nIn tandem with offering insights in academia and education, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology will also hold a session, offering participants insights into the university’s public policy division that blends interdisciplinary learning in climate change, sustainability, and governance, preparing students for impactful policy leadership.\n\nTogether, the presentations, workshops, and sessions at Environment & Changing Climate 2025 all reflect a shared commitment to advancing inclusive and interdisciplinary approaches to climate action. By creating a shared space for students, researchers, practitioners, and community leaders, the conference hopes to strengthen collective capacity-building and collaboration that will continue beyond the event itself. \n\n",{"id":373,"title":408,"date":409,"cover":23,"body":410,"lla":69,"projects":23},"The two-day Environment & Changing Climate conference concludes at IUB","2025-11-23","The Environment & Changing Climate 2025 conference, hosted by Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) in collaboration with the Co-creating Knowledge for Local Adaptation to Climate Change in Least Developed Countries (COLOCAL) project, concluded on November 21, 2025, after two days of insightful discussions and interdisciplinary knowledge-sharing on inclusive climate action.\n\nStarting from November 20, the conference brought together national and international researchers, development practitioners, and community leaders under the theme “Global Strategies and Local Actions” highlighting the event’s commitment to a community led and context-specific future for climate change adaptation.\n\nDay one of the conference opened with keynote speeches and presentations from industry experts, including Dr. A Atiq Rahman, Dr. Shahpar Selim, and Dr. Faisal Kabir, focusing on the advancement of evidence-driven research in capacity-building. The opening program also featured artistic performances, with Rupantar Theatre delivering a vibrant potgaan performance about climate justice and gender equity. \n\nThis was followed by a musical performance by Muiz Mahfuz Band and their collection of songs addressing plastic pollution and the environment. The day concluded with an alumni roundtable, where graduates from IUB’S Department of Environmental Science and Management discussed the realities and prospects of the climate change and development sector, especially against the backdrop of global funding cuts. \n\nDay two of the event served as the academic focal point of the conference, hosting a diverse roster of oral and poster presentations where researchers presented their work across areas of climate governance, indigenous knowledge, sustainable agriculture, energy transitions, and many more. Complementing the academic sessions, a range of workshops and thematic side events further explored meaningful discussion and pathways for locally-led adaptation. \n\nHighlighting the human dimensions of climate adaptation, NGO leaders from the Dalit and Munda communities of Khulna and Satkhira shared their perspectives, challenges, and history with nature-based solutions, while a session by CIMMYT, Shushilan, and the International Center for Climate Change and Development discussed the tools for locally-led adaptation (LLA). COLOCAL fellows from Bangladesh and Uganda presented their research and explored collaborative opportunities, and Nirmol Bangladesh hosted a workshop on ocean literacy and climate resilience. \n\nYouth engagement remained a prominent theme across the sessions as well, with the INFLUENCERS group hosting a workshop to equip young leaders with tools for youth-driven climate advocacy, drawing from the experiences of displaced communities in Bangladesh. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology also hosted a session offering participants insights into the university’s public policy division that blends interdisciplinary learning in climate change and governance.\n\nThe conference was partially funded by the COLOCAL Project, supported by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, which works to advance research and education in locally led climate change adaptation, and build the capacity of universities in Bangladesh, Nepal, Uganda, and Mozambique.",{"id":412,"title":413,"date":414,"cover":23,"body":415,"lla":69,"projects":23},54,"Adapting at the Water’s Edge: Local Wisdom from Bangladesh’s Haor Region","2026-02-25","“_Every year our house is submerged under water, and we somehow keep ourselves safe during that emergency. This adaptation is mandatory for us, and we hope we have taken the right adaptation measures._”\n\nThis was the statement of Amena, a 46-year-old woman from Uttar Shukhayer Rajapur in Dharmapasha Upazilla. Similar to this, thousands of people in Dharmapasha face tremendous suffering due to climatic hazards like floods, droughts, afal (erosion), heatwaves, and lightning. At present, participatory and community-based adaptation alone are insufficient to effectively manage and respond to these hazards. In contrast, locally led adaptation (LLA) is a relatively new concept that refers to a process in which local people not only participate in adaptation measures but also play a direct role in decision-making and finance. It empowers local communities and facilitates a community-driven adaptation process. \n\nDharmapasha is situated in the Sunamganj District, a haor region of the country. Haors are gigantic bowl-shaped floodplain depressions that serve as water storage areas during the monsoon season, receiving water from canals and rivers; however, they dry up during the summer. This northeastern subdistrict, covers approximately 1.99 million hectares, houses over 19.37 million people, and has distinctive hydro-ecological features (BHWDB, 2012). \nLocal people employ various adaptive measures to address their suffering. A village farmer stated that _“There is no work in some months, a great shortage of work, for which the number of unemployed people is also high. Because there is no suitable land during the monsoon, people often leave the area. Furthermore, we could not cultivate other crops due to the soil type, geographic location, and climatic conditions. Some of us went to the city, some did other jobs like motorbike riding, shopkeeping, and day labouring”._ \n\nBecause agricultural activity is not possible during the monsoon, most people rely on alternative livelihoods during this period. Either they go fishing, open a small business, or move to city areas. Seasonal migration for work, safety, and other reasons is common in that community. There are also some floating services coming from NGOs, such as floating mobile schools and clinics. \n\nLocal people also use their traditional and indigenous knowledge in their adaptive solutions. For example, if they cannot bear the expense of sandbags to build embankments around their houses, they plant a certain type of grass that absorbs water in high volumes. They also use pillars and trees to measure water level. During the dry season, farmers plant climate-resilient seeds such as BRRI Dhan 51. Motorcycles are one of the crucial vehicles for transporting from one union to another in the dry season, so many people take that up as their livelihoods. They have their own local association, which oversees all transportation processes. \n\nSome enthusiastic villagers are very keen to contribute to disaster management and adaptation processes. Among them, Abdur Rahman is a small-business owner and the president of the “Shekhergao Gram Unnoyan Committee”.  He stated that _“once an NGO named Shouhardo came to us and created a team via our own decision and choices. They told us to create a team with a president, vice president, and other members by our own votes, and we formed a team. We got training in disaster management.  Now we arrange weekly/monthly meetings with the general people of the village and talk about disaster preparedness, mitigation measures, and effective response during disasters.”_ \n\nBut regretfully, they are not included in the finance or decision-making processes. Their perspectives and ideas are sometimes incorporated into group discussions, but this is insufficient for proper LLA. In this current approach, they are not empowered; rather, they are just informed. If proper LLA is established in Dharmapasha, the local community can build their capacity to not only respond to floods, droughts, and other hazards, but they can also build their economic resilience. The government officials, NGO workers, and most importantly, the local people of Dharmapasha may have some understanding of climate change adaptation, but they remain unaware of LLA and its potential.\n\nThe most difficult challenge for Dharmapasha is their road networks. Their communication system with other districts is very limited and they remain neglected by the local government’s road building initiatives. Moreover, their practice of mono-agriculture makes them dependent on the yields of a single crop (rice), further amplifying their vulnerabilities.  \n\nTo establish LLA in Dharmapasha, these issues should be addressed immediately. There should be proper investment and transparency in climate finance. The authority must be accountable to the general people for LLA initiatives to function reliably. The NGOs must conduct flexible programs for the farmers, fisherman and other villagers who remain professionally engaged during the day. Their knowledge gaps in climate risk, climate finance, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable mitigation and adaptation measures, must be addressed through comprehensive training programs so that, just like Abdur Rahman, more community members can assume leadership positions. Their understanding will enhance their local wisdom, which they can apply to subsequent management. \n\n_Md Abdullah Al Sabid was a Research Grantee at the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) at IUB. He can be reached at mdabdullahsabid5@gmail.com._\n",{"id":417,"title":418,"date":419,"cover":23,"body":420,"lla":69,"projects":23},67,"Team Influencer conducted session on Climate Justice at ECC ’25 conference","2026-01-01","The session titled “Empowering Youth Leaders for Climate Justice: Lessons from Bangladesh’s Displaced Communities” was organized by Team INFLUENCERS at the Environment and Changing Climate 2025 Conference at Independent University, Bangladesh. The session brought together young participants to discuss climate change and displacement in Bangladesh. It created a space where youth could learn about climate justice and reflect on how climate impacts affect vulnerable communities. The session combined research findings with interactive activities to make the discussion more engaging and practical.\n\nThe session was designed to help participants understand the basic ideas of climate justice, especially in the context of displacement in Bangladesh. It aimed to share real field experiences about the problems faced by displaced communities and their coping strategies. The session also focused on improving youth leadership, teamwork, and problem-solving skills. Participants were encouraged to think from different stakeholder perspectives and develop practical adaptation ideas through group-based poster presentations.\n\nDuring the presentation, the facilitators explained that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a social and human rights issue. They shared examples from field research, such as forced relocation due to cyclones, river erosion, and salinity. They also discussed ongoing problems like waterlogging, heatwaves, and poor living conditions in informal settlements. Special attention was given to the greater risks faced by women and children. The presentation highlighted that youth can play an important role in raising awareness, collecting information, and supporting fair climate policies.\n\nThe second part of the session was a participatory workshop called “From Scenarios to Solutions.” Participants were divided into four groups representing NGOs, government agencies, displaced communities, and youth representatives. Each group discussed key challenges, possible short- and long-term solutions, gender issues, and the importance of local knowledge. After brainstorming, they created posters to present their ideas. In the group presentations, participants explained their solutions and shared their reasoning. This activity helped them understand different viewpoints and work together on practical solutions.\n\nThe session showed that youth can clearly understand climate justice issues and think critically about real-life problems. Participants were able to connect theory with practical solutions. The mix of presentation and interactive activities made the session effective and engaging. It ended with a shared understanding of the need for fair and inclusive climate action in Bangladesh",{"id":173,"title":422,"date":419,"cover":23,"body":423,"lla":69,"projects":23},"Indigenous Community Spotlight at IUB's ECC’25 Conference","The Dalit and Munda communities of the southwestern region of Bangladesh hosted a session at the Environment and Changing Climate 2025 Conference at IUB, creating an important platform for marginalized communities to directly share their lived experiences of climate vulnerability and social exclusion.\n\nThe session brought together representatives from Parittran, Sundarban Adibashi Munda Sangstha (SAMS), Dalit, and Dhruba: local NGOs built by and for these indigenous communities, who spoke about their historical and social contexts in Bangladesh. The discussion began with the hosts explaining their indigenous identities, their position in the social hierarchy, and the long-standing discrimination they have faced. Speakers then highlighted how climate change amplifies these risks, particularly in the coastal districts like Khulna and Satkhira.\n\nThe session addressed a wide range of issues, such as salinity intrusion, waterlogging, and extreme weather, which were linked to livelihood and food insecurity. A number of case studies of families losing agricultural productivity and stable income sources due to environmental stress were also discussed. Health impacts were also discussed, including waterborne diseases and heat-related illnesses. Water and sanitation challenges were described as serious and ongoing concerns, especially in areas where safe drinking water is limited.\n\nSpecial attention was given to women, gender, as well as sexual and reproductive health. The speakers emphasized that women and girls often face greater hardship during climate disasters. Education disruption and forced migration were also identified as major consequences, with families relocating due to loss of land, income, and housing.\n\nThe session clearly underlined that climate risks are not experienced equally. Marginalized communities face deeper challenges due to limited access to land, services, and decision-making opportunities. Key challenges were identified along with recommendations such as inclusive policies, community-based adaptation strategies, recognition of indigenous knowledge, and meaningful participation of marginalized groups in adaptation planning.\n\nThe session concluded with a song performed in the local language of the Munda community, reflecting their identity, struggle, and hope for dignity and justice.",{"id":98,"title":425,"date":419,"cover":23,"body":426,"lla":69,"projects":23},"Rupantar performed Pot-Gaan at ECC’25 Conference","On 20 November 2026, a pot gaan performance by Rupantar Theatre added a lively cultural element to the international conference titled “Environment and Changing Climate 2025: Global Strategies; Local Actions” held at Independent University, Bangladesh.\n\nRupantar is a well-known cultural and theatre group in Bangladesh that uses traditional folk music to raise awareness about social and environmental issues. They often work with communities and use traditional storytelling to share important messages through music and theatre. Their work often focuses on marginalized communities, gender equality, and environmental justice.\n\nAt ECC’25 conference, Rupantar performed a pot gaan focused on climate change and environmental degradation. Using traditional narrative styles and interactive performance techniques, the team portrayed how rising temperatures, salinity intrusion, extreme weather events, and environmental damage are affecting everyday life in vulnerable regions of Bangladesh. The performance highlighted the unequal burden of climate impacts, particularly on marginalized communities and women. Through song and dialogue, the artists illustrated how climate change threatens livelihoods, food security, health, and social stability.\n\nBy combining cultural heritage with contemporary climate realities, Rupantar effectively connected local experiences with broader policy discussions. The performance encouraged the audience to reflect on the human side of climate change and the need for inclusive adaptation strategies. The audience responded with strong appreciation for the clarity and emotional depth of the presentation. The performance demonstrated how cultural expression can play a vital role in climate communication, bridging research, policy, and community voices through the power of storytelling.\n\nAt the conclusion of the performance, the team received warm applause from the audience and was presented with a token of appreciation by Dr. K. A. Rabbani in recognition of their contribution to the conference.\n",{"id":63,"title":428,"date":429,"cover":23,"body":430,"lla":341,"projects":23},"PARIBARTAN Project, CIMMYT and Shushilan Presented Tools for Locally Led Adaptation at ECC’25","2026-01-03","The session titled “Tools for Systemic Locally Led Adaptation: Bridging Farmers, Markets, and Policy” was held on 21 November 2025 at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) as part of the Environment & Changing Climate 2025 conference . Organized under the PARIBARTAN project by ICCCAD, CIMMYT, and Shushilan, the session brought together more than 50 participants from academia, research institutions, NGOs, the private sector, and youth groups to explore how locally led adaptation (LLA) can be strengthened through systemic and participatory approaches.\n\nDr. Christine King, Consultant at CIMMYT, opened the session by outlining the integrated systems approach of the PARIBARTAN project. She emphasized that the initiative is not simply a research intervention but a co-learning platform where farmers, institutions, and private actors collectively shape adaptation pathways. Farhin Rahman Reeda from ICCCAD then facilitated an interactive Mentimeter exercise, encouraging participants to reflect on how farmers are perceived and what climate risks they face. Responses highlighted farmers as resilient yet vulnerable, with salinity intrusion, waterlogging, erratic rainfall, and weak water governance emerging as key concerns. The exercise also revealed that while participants understood the spirit of LLA, many lacked familiarity with its formal eight principles.\n\nBushra Anjum, Research Assistant at ICCCAD, presented the Adaptation Marketplace model, describing it as a “live laboratory” that connects farmers directly with seed companies, agri-tech firms, financial service providers, and digital advisory platforms. Farmers’ feedback underscored the need for stress-tolerant seeds, improved irrigation tools, reliable climate information, and stronger market linkages.\n\nMahanambrota Das from Shushilan shared a case study of a female farmer from Polder 31, illustrating how climate stress, limited irrigation access, market instability, and institutional gaps intersect with gendered vulnerabilities. Dr. Sharmin Afroz of CIMMYT introduced Political Economy Analysis (PEA), highlighting how adaptation is shaped by power relations, institutional histories, and governance structures. Dr. T. S. Amjath Babu further emphasized system assessment and innovation “packaging,” ensuring that agronomic solutions are supported by finance, markets, digital tools, and water governance coordination. Fahmida Khanam concluded with insights on strengthening Water and Agriculture Management Groups (WAMGs) as boundary organizations.\n\nThe session demonstrated that transformative adaptation requires farmer-centered learning, institutional strengthening, market engagement, and inclusive governance to build resilient agricultural systems in Bangladesh’s polder regions.",{"id":432,"title":433,"date":434,"cover":23,"body":435,"lla":69,"projects":23},66,"ACCESS4ALL Impact Session at ECC’25 Conference","2026-01-02","The session titled “ACCESS4ALL Impact Session – Alumni Reflections and Competency-Driven Strategies” was held on 21 November 2025 at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) during the Environment & Changing Climate 2025: Global Strategies; Local Actions conference. The session focused on strengthening climate education in Bangladesh through southern-led approaches and community-centred knowledges.\n\nACCESS4ALL (Adapting Climate Change Education, Skills, and Sustainability for Advancing Locally-Led Solutions) aims to address the gap in climate-related skills and improve employability by reshaping curriculum development in higher education. The project brings together universities in Bangladesh and European partners to promote collaborative learning and locally relevant climate education.\n\nDuring the session, alumni, faculty members, and project representatives shared their own experiences from implementing climate-focused courses and training programs. A central theme of the discussion was that climate education should be developed with communities rather than only about them. Speakers emphasized the importance of local knowledge, community engagement, and co-production of learning materials. The session also highlighted how competency-based strategies can better prepare students to respond to real climate challenges.\n\nThe session was highly interactive among students, participants, and instructors, creating a dynamic exchange of ideas. Community ambassadors shared field experiences, which grounded the discussion in practical realities. Participants reflected on how climate education can move beyond theory and support problem-solving, leadership, and collaboration. The session concluded by stressing that climate education must reflect local realities and empower young people with practical skills. \n",{"id":437,"title":438,"date":439,"cover":23,"body":440,"lla":69,"projects":23},70,"Nirmol Bangladesh Hosted Session on Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience at ECC’25","2026-02-05","On 21 November 2025, Nirmol Bangladesh successfully organized a side event titled “Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Building: Knowledge Sharing for Local Action” at the Environment & Changing Climate 2025 conference held at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB). The session has facilitated the exchange of research findings and practical experiences among different researchers and institutions working on climate change, ocean literacy, environmental conservation, disaster risk reduction, and community resilience building at the ground level.\n\nThe Session Chair was Dr. S. M. Mustafizur Rahman, (Assistant Professor, Dept of OCN, BMU). And, Dr. K. Ayaz Rabbani (Associate Professor, Dept of ESM, IUB) was also present as the inaugural guest. Two representatives of the fishermen community of Cox’s Bazar, respectively Humayun Kabir & Ziaul Karim were also present at the session & they have highlighted a gross figure of the various environmental issues the fishermen are facing in the Bay of Bengal during fishing. Additionally, the session room was full of enthusiastic youth & changemakers from diversified universities.\n\nThe program featured diverse presentations addressing environmental conservation, ocean literacy, and climate adaptation. Sheikh Fahim Faysal Sowrav introduced the “GEM in a Box” initiative, highlighting collaborative monitoring of eutrophication threats in the Sundarbans’ estuarine ecosystems. Md. Alamgir Hossain discussed strategies to enhance ocean literacy among coastal farmers, fishermen, and women, linking knowledge dissemination to resilience and sustainable blue economy development. Fabia Kobir Toha presented research findings from Cox’s Bazar, focusing on economic vulnerability, fishery decline, and the social hazards faced by coastal populations. Md. Habibur Rahman and Kashafad Bin Hafiz outlined blue economy programs, disaster preparedness training, and upcoming research fellowship opportunities.\n\nA particularly powerful segment of the session was the direct engagement of two fishermen representatives from Cox’s Bazar—Humayun Kabir and Ziaul Karim. They shared firsthand experiences of environmental degradation in the Bay of Bengal, including unpredictable weather patterns, declining fish stocks, rising operational costs, and increasing safety risks during fishing expeditions.\n\nThe session effectively bridged global climate strategies with local realities, culminating in actionable insights focused on youth engagement, equitable knowledge sharing, and sustainable community empowerment.\n",{"id":21,"title":442,"date":439,"cover":23,"body":443,"lla":69,"projects":23},"Advances in Research from COLOCAL Fellows Around the World Presented at ECC’25","On 21 November 2025, a session titled “Advances in Research from COLOCAL Fellows Around the World” was held at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) as part of the Environment & Changing Climate 2025 conference. Organized by Makerere University and Independent University Bangladesh, the session created a vibrant platform for fellows to present their research on locally led adaptation (LLA), community resilience, renewable energy, and climate governance across diverse global contexts.\n\nMd. Julfikar Haider presented his research on operationalizing Locally Led Adaptation in climate-vulnerable regions of Bangladesh, particularly Shyamnagar in Satkhira. He examined how NGOs integrate LLA principles, identifying challenges such as centralized climate finance, policy misalignment, and representation gaps. His findings emphasized decentralization, institutional reform, and inclusive participation as essential for strengthening adaptive capacity and local ownership.\n\nCelia focused on farmer-led, bottom-up collaborative learning for climate adaptation. Drawing from research in Kiboga District, she highlighted how inclusive community platforms—often led by women—support knowledge exchange and practical solutions such as water conservation and agroforestry. Her work underscored that adaptation is most effective when grounded in lived experience and collective learning.\n\nAnother research examined the impacts of salinity intrusion on agricultural systems, combining biophysical crop experiments with socio-economic surveys. The study aimed to quantify stress impacts and assess farmers’ willingness to adopt adaptation solutions which contributes to develope low-cost land reclamation strategies tailored to coastal Bangladesh.\n\nSusan presented findings from drought-affected communities where farmers demonstrated resilience through collective action. Larger landholders voluntarily shared land for community use, while gravity-fed water systems and local markets were established to stabilize livelihoods. Her research illustrated how local initiative and cooperation can significantly strengthen resilience.\n\nRagib introduced a geospatial and multi-criteria analysis identifying suitable locations for Solar Irrigation Pumps (SIPs) in Bangladesh. His study revealed strong potential for renewable energy integration to reduce electricity pressure and support national climate commitments. The findings offer practical guidance for scaling sustainable irrigation solutions.\n\nVictor explored the social and psychological impacts of climate stress on farming communities through in-depth interviews. He found that drought increases financial hardship and emotional strain, yet farmers remain determined and hopeful. His work highlighted the importance of training and support systems to strengthen psychological resilience.\n\nAasima concluded the session by presenting design thinking as a human-centered approach to climate governance. She proposed embedding iterative prototyping, community design labs, and feedback-driven monitoring into national climate frameworks. Her recommendations emphasized inclusive innovation as a pathway toward adaptive and responsive policymaking.\n\nTogether, the presentations reflected the interdisciplinary and global nature of COLOCAL fellows’ research, demonstrating how locally grounded knowledge and innovative methods can advance equitable and resilient climate adaptation pathways.\n",{"id":445,"title":446,"date":447,"cover":23,"body":448,"lla":69,"projects":23},81,"Climate change through the eyes of the Maasai","2026-04-08","In Kenya’s drylands, Maasai herders confront the realities of climate change every day. An NMBU project has gathered their photos and stories to offer an unfiltered view from the frontline.\n\nThere are communities of people in Kenya's drylands  whose livelihoods depend on herding livestock. These Maasai pastoralists rely directly on the land, often moving across the landscape in search of water and grazing areas for their animals.\n\nFor them, the effects of climate change such as shifting rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, are felt immediately.\nAt the same time, they face rapid changes in how land is used, growing economic pressures, and urbanization. Together, these forces are transforming how they live and work.\n\nIn the full booklet given below, Maasai people share their experiences directly, through their own photographs and stories. These images and words were gathered during a PhD project at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and are now published under the COLOCAL research project.\n\nThis is a way of presenting the everyday reality of people on the frontline of climate. Instead of abstract analysis, this approach highlights the lived experiences of people on the frontline of climate change - voices that are often overlooked.\n\nWe see not only the challenges they face, but also the knowledge, resilience, and creativity they draw on to navigate them. By listening to these perspectives, we gain a deeper and more grounded understanding of what it means to live with climate change.\n\nThe booklet is edited and designed by Edwige Marty, Winfred Lipina Koinet, Matthew Cashmore, and Todd A. Crane. The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) hold joint copyright of all content.\n\nFind the full booklet here: https://www.nmbu.no/en/faculties/faculty-landscape-and-society/climate-change-through-eyes-maasai",{"id":157,"title":450,"date":447,"cover":23,"body":451,"lla":69,"projects":23},"Informal collaborative learning among pastoral and agro‑pastoral farmers in Uganda: Why everyday interactions matter for knowledge sharing and rural resilience","In many rural farming communities, learning does not begin in a classroom or end with a workshop. It unfolds in the fields, at trading centers, during household visits, and through countless small interactions that shape how farmers adapt, innovate, and respond to challenges. Every day idea exchanges are rooted in observation, conversation, and shared experience. These interactions are the foundation of informal collaborative learning, which is arguably the most widespread and trusted form of knowledge transfer among pastoral and agro‑pastoral farmers in many parts of the world.\n\nInformal collaborative learning can be understood as a continuous, interactive process where individuals share insights, explore problems together, and co‑develop solutions that fit their local realities. It tends to be spontaneous, short, and deeply embedded in the community life of a farmer. \n\n**How collaborative learning goals emerge in informal settings**\n\nUnlike formal training programs with predetermined agendas, informal learning begins with personal needs and lived experiences. Farmers identify gaps by comparing their own outcomes with those of their peers. A farmer may notice:\n\n•\tA neighbor’s cows produce more milk\n\n•\tA friend’s crops survive drought better\n\n•\tAnother household is less vulnerable to climate shocks\n\n•\tA disease outbreak threatens livestock across the community\n\nThese observations spark curiosity and motivate farmers to seek advice, ask questions, and experiment with new practices. Learning goals often arise from urgent needs such as improving yields, securing income, or protecting household assets. In many cases, farmers also initiate group discussions to reflect on climate impacts or emerging risks, reinforcing the collective responsibility that characterizes pastoral communities. This interdependence is especially visible in livestock management: when one farmer’s animals fall sick, others feel obliged to intervene to prevent community wide losses. Learning, therefore, is both personal and communal, with mutual benefits that extend beyond individual households.\n\n**Why Informal Collaborative Learning Matters for Policy makers**\n\nInformal collaborative learning emerges from farmers’ own needs, grounded in local realities and is not predicated external interventions, which makes it cost effective and adaptable. These characteristics mean it can endure even without external support.\n\nDespite its flexibility and widespread use in farming practices, policymakers sometimes overlook the importance of informal learning because it is unstructured and difficult to account for. While it is not a substitute for formal farming extension services in rural contexts, it is a powerful complement. Recognizing, valuing, supporting, and integrating these everyday learning practices into agricultural and climate resilience policies can significantly enhance capacities for climate change adaptation. Research also shows that informal learning often produces unintended, but highly valuable, outcomes (Futemma et al., 2020, Azad et al., 2022). For example, it enables farmers to respond quickly to emerging challenges, spread innovations organically, and build strong social networks that support collective problem solving (Azad et al., 2022).\n\n**How the Colocal project is engaging with informal collaborative learning**\n\nPhD fellow Fatuma Mutesi is studying both formal and informal processes of collaborative learning among farming communities in the Cattle Corridor, Uganda. Through her research, Fatuma is examining the sites in which informal collaborative learning takes place, the issues it covers and the outcomes generated. Her research has identified a number of key arenas for informal learning in the communities studied, including: \n\n•\tDuring farm visits and household tours\n\n•\tAlong roadsides and footpaths\n\n•\tAt trading centers and local markets\n\n•\tDuring community meetings\n\n•\tWhile providing casual labor\n\n•\tThrough spontaneous conversations\n\nIn the pictures, local model farmer Grace Atusimire demonstrated an intercropping technique learnt from casual laborers from Rwanda to COLOCAL researchers. It involves interplanting beans with bananas, and sowing the bean seeds by holding them in your mouth and spitting them into the ground as it is being tilled.        \n\nThe opportunities for informal collaborative learning, however, are influenced by intersectional points of difference. Cultural gendered norms in the pastoral community, for example, mean that the free movement of women is typically greatly curtailed in comparison to men, which limits the opportunities women have to benefit from informal learning.\n\n_Fatuma Mutesi holds a Bachelor’s degree in Education and Master’s degree in Geography from Makerere University, Uganda.  She is currently a PhD student in the Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and climatic sciences, Makerere University. Her PhD research, which is funded by the COLOCAL project, focuses on collaborative learning as an approach for place-based adaptation in Uganda._",[453,475,496,516,532,575,608,641,661,686,708,730,755,777,800,821,845,857,880,900,912,929,953,979,1001,1020,1042,1062,1088,1106,1119,1132,1158,1178,1201,1221,1243,1266],{"id":85,"documentId":454,"title":86,"secondaryTitle":23,"abstract":87,"date":88,"authors_text":455,"tags":456,"url":68,"file":465,"imageCover":23,"images":23,"project":23,"publication_type":473,"theme":23,"country":23},"fc6sfvohd8z3w3l5yd16dc6i","Ishrat Jahan",[457,459,461,463],{"tag":458},"Dalit community",{"tag":460},"Locally-Led Adaptation 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Islam\n",[520,521,522,523],{"tag":460},{"tag":481},{"tag":464},{"tag":462},{"id":525,"url":526,"alternativeText":23,"caption":23,"width":23,"height":23,"formats":527,"mime":469,"size":528,"name":529,"provider":58,"createdAt":530,"updatedAt":530},25,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Manjurul_Islam_Thesis_f0d29bb8e1.pdf",{},1626.91,"Manjurul Islam_Thesis.pdf","2025-10-07T13:41:40.912Z",{"type":474},{"id":73,"documentId":533,"title":74,"secondaryTitle":534,"abstract":75,"date":66,"authors_text":535,"tags":536,"url":68,"file":542,"imageCover":549,"images":23,"project":23,"publication_type":573,"theme":23,"country":23},"hi0f62dmiww7ko1wc80y07ki","An assessment of flood Risk in the polder systems of Khulna Division","Fatima Jahan Ena, Shahadat Hossain, Fahmid Mohtasin, K Ayaz Rabbani",[537,538,539,540,541],{"tag":460},{"tag":483},{"tag":485},{"tag":464},{"tag":462},{"id":543,"url":544,"alternativeText":23,"caption":23,"width":23,"height":23,"formats":545,"mime":469,"size":546,"name":547,"provider":58,"createdAt":548,"updatedAt":548},5,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/COLOCAL_Brief_2_Shahadat_Hossain_e8a8630719.pdf",{},9927.82,"COLOCAL Brief 2_Shahadat Hossain.pdf","2025-09-29T17:39:10.298Z",{"id":550,"url":551,"alternativeText":23,"caption":23,"width":552,"height":553,"formats":554,"mime":559,"size":570,"name":571,"provider":58,"createdAt":572,"updatedAt":572},22,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47.png",595,372,{"small":555,"thumbnail":563},{"ext":556,"url":557,"hash":558,"mime":559,"name":560,"path":23,"size":561,"width":41,"height":562},".png","https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/small_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47.png","small_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47","image/png","small_shahadat_policy brief_cover.png",202.14,313,{"ext":556,"url":564,"hash":565,"mime":559,"name":566,"path":23,"size":567,"width":568,"height":569},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/thumbnail_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47.png","thumbnail_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47","thumbnail_shahadat_policy brief_cover.png",53.16,245,153,80.9,"shahadat_policy brief_cover.png","2025-10-07T13:26:06.489Z",{"type":574},"Policy Brief",{"id":79,"documentId":576,"title":80,"secondaryTitle":577,"abstract":81,"date":66,"authors_text":578,"tags":579,"url":68,"file":584,"imageCover":590,"images":23,"project":23,"publication_type":607,"theme":23,"country":23},"bb7fmisuhm4mi8su8pyghukc","A framework for locally-led adaptation in coastal Bangladesh","Fatima Jahan Ena, M Manjurul Islam, Fahmid Mohtasin, K Ayaz Rabbani",[580,581,582,583],{"tag":460},{"tag":481},{"tag":464},{"tag":462},{"id":213,"url":585,"alternativeText":23,"caption":23,"width":23,"height":23,"formats":586,"mime":469,"size":587,"name":588,"provider":58,"createdAt":589,"updatedAt":589},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/COLOCAL_Brief_3_Manjurul_Islam_bc8a3bd1da.pdf",{},13530.94,"COLOCAL Brief 3_Manjurul 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image.png","2025-10-07T13:07:08.792Z",{"type":574},{"id":63,"documentId":609,"title":64,"secondaryTitle":23,"abstract":65,"date":66,"authors_text":610,"tags":611,"url":68,"file":616,"imageCover":623,"images":23,"project":23,"publication_type":640,"theme":23,"country":23},"kqr8ckf2jxtxl2a7hhsz69lp","Fatima Jahan Ena, Ishrat Jahan, Fahmid Mohtasin, K A Rabbani",[612,613,614,615],{"tag":458},{"tag":460},{"tag":462},{"tag":464},{"id":617,"url":618,"alternativeText":23,"caption":23,"width":23,"height":23,"formats":619,"mime":469,"size":620,"name":621,"provider":58,"createdAt":622,"updatedAt":622},3,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/COLOCAL_Brief_1_Ishrat_Jahan_210d97ad79.pdf",{},12501.51,"COLOCAL Brief 1_Ishrat 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change is one of the most serious environmental concerns that humankind is now facing. It significantly impacts various sectors, including food security, natural ecosystems, freshwater supply, and human health. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries regarding climate change's consequences. Floods, droughts, cyclones, riverbank erosion, salt intrusion, and water logging are all prevalent in the country. These all affected food, water, health, energy security, and people's livelihoods. Bangladesh's government and nongovernmental organizations-initiated attempts to tackle the climate change disaster via community-based adaptation, which has certain limitations in making the community more resilient. Locally driven adaptation has risen to the top of the global and local agendas, intending to implement adaptation measures through local authorities. However, development community has for many years CBA was being practiced, but LLA is more exhaustive and more politically challenging. Therefore, this thesis looks into the understanding of LLA and the difference between LLA and CBA, participation and decision-making under LLA, roles of community leaders, and the community’s encountered challenges and expectations broadly. This study relies mainly on qualitative research methods, with very few quantitative approaches used. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with government and non-governmental organization (NGO) workers were used to collect information about locally led adaptation (LLA). Focus Group Discussions were also used to gather community people's perspectives on LLA initiatives, including their utilization, effectiveness, and prospects. Overall characteristics of LLA were calculated for the projects of NGOs and GOBs; the results showed that both types of organizations fell within the moderate level of LLA features. Most of the respondents could not clearly define the term, but their attempts to define LLA were significant, and their thoughts were linked to their experience and knowledge. Participation in the project design and planning phase is low among the communities due to the complex procedures of organizations. Local actors advocate on behalf of the people in the community to receive benefits from NGOs. NGOs invite the community to MEL activities to a limited extent, whereas GoB has no scope for communities; besides, communities have limited access to the project's progress and financial information. NGO initiatives collaborate better with CSO and CBOs at the community level than GOB projects. They are implementing LLA projects or initiatives affected mainly by the power dynamics at the local level and limited or no access to financial resources. Besides, local political influence also causes the problem of implementing the LLA process. Lack of transparency in the implementation process and lack of accountability of community people are critical governance challenges at the grassroots level. Communities and local actors lack of capacity to implement the LLA initiatives to make their communities resilient in most cases. The policy provision necessary for locally-led adaptation requires the government to launch a one-of-a-kind effort to establish particular policy choices for LLA and to incorporate LLA into all climate change plans and strategies. Besides, a local-level MEL system should be in place to track progress and ensure accountability and learning mechanisms.",1776074891658]