[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":6158},["ShallowReactive",2],{"hub-publications":3,"hub-educations":3339,"resource-hub:publication:yq945oez54ce5fgieaudvxx8":4423,"resource-hub:education:yq945oez54ce5fgieaudvxx8":4429,"resource-hub:all-pubs":4430,"resource-hub:all-edus":5903,"mdc-9zduqk-key":6146},[4,36,89,127,164,188,204,221,239,259,274,295,320,337,357,367,380,393,412,428,457,466,493,521,551,578,606,633,662,679,706,731,753,782,813,834,844,869,891,902,911,926,935,945,965,975,985,997,1013,1027,1052,1067,1082,1107,1117,1140,1151,1165,1177,1191,1204,1214,1230,1254,1277,1290,1300,1309,1319,1329,1340,1350,1360,1378,1398,1410,1428,1443,1456,1473,1492,1507,1517,1529,1542,1557,1568,1583,1596,1611,1632,1648,1668,1682,1696,1711,1726,1736,1756,1774,1795,1808,1821,1838,1858,1874,1886,1901,1915,1934,1944,1959,1980,1995,2008,2030,2043,2061,2076,2102,2113,2136,2166,2187,2202,2212,2234,2246,2259,2279,2293,2313,2322,2336,2353,2370,2384,2398,2411,2433,2452,2472,2485,2501,2525,2540,2564,2578,2591,2603,2616,2630,2651,2665,2677,2690,2702,2713,2724,2736,2747,2758,2766,2778,2798,2811,2823,2835,2847,2860,2868,2883,2899,2915,2923,2952,2974,2998,3020,3029,3037,3063,3088,3138,3148,3156,3164,3172,3180,3188,3196,3204,3212,3220,3228,3236,3244,3252,3260,3268,3275,3283,3291,3299,3306,3314,3322,3330],{"id":5,"documentId":6,"title":7,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":9,"date":10,"authors_text":11,"tags":12,"url":23,"file":24,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":33,"theme":8,"country":35},506,"ofaaea5hoibi4s8nwphqohmf","Impact of Salinity on Food Security in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh: Strategies for Adaptation Methods",null,"Salinity intrusion is a major environmental threat in coastal Bangladesh, severely affecting food security and rural livelihoods. This study, conducted in four unions of Satkhira district—three saline-prone (Atulia, Burigoalini, Gabura) and one non-saline (Helatala)—assessed the socioeconomic status of farmers, the impacts of salinity on agriculture, and the adaptation strategies adopted. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining 120 household surveys, 12 key informant interviews, and 8 focus group discussions supported by salinity testing and field observations. Quantitative data were processed in Microsoft Excel using frequency tables, percentages, and graphs, while qualitative findings were analyzed thematically.\nResults showed clear socioeconomic contrasts between saline and non-saline areas. Male-headed households dominated across all unions (over 80%), though female participation was higher in Helatala (43.33%). Education levels were markedly higher in Helatala, where 63.33% of respondents had completed secondary or higher education, compared to only 26.67% in Burigoalini. Income analysis revealed that 60% of Helatala households earned above BDT 200,000 annually, while only 20% in Atulia and Burigoalini reached this level.\nSalinity impacts were most severe in Gabura and Burigoalini, where 50% of respondents reported crop and vegetable damage and 40% reported irrigation water scarcity. Waterlogging affected 30% of respondents in Gabura, further intensifying yield losses.\nAdaptation analysis indicated that salinity-tolerant crop varieties (86.67%) and adjusting planting time (90% in Gabura, 66.67% in Burigoalini) were the most widely adopted techniques. Crop diversification was practiced occasionally by 73–93% of respondents, while methods such as AWD, mini ponds, and zero tillage were adopted by 10–25%. Resource-intensive practices like raised pits, floating seed beds, and dike culture showed limited use, except in Helatala, where 45% practiced dike culture regularly.\nThe study concludes that although awareness of adaptive techniques is widespread, consistent adoption remains limited by financial, technical, and institutional barriers. Strengthened extension services and climate-smart interventions are essential to enhance agricultural resilience in salinity-affected coastal regions.","2025-11-01","Dr. Md Jamal Uddin",[13,15,17,19,21],{"tag":14},"salinity intrusion",{"tag":16},"climate resilience",{"tag":18},"adaptation strategies",{"tag":20},"Bangladesh",{"tag":22},"coastal agriculture","-",{"id":25,"url":26,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":27,"mime":28,"size":29,"name":30,"provider":31,"createdAt":32,"updatedAt":32},225,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Final_Thesis_1dec_251202_111055_abfcfc6486.pdf",{},"application/pdf",1329.71,"Final Thesis 1dec_251202_111055.pdf","strapi-provider-upload-strapi-cloud","2026-04-03T14:05:57.841Z",{"type":34},"Thesis",{"name":20},{"id":37,"documentId":38,"title":39,"secondaryTitle":40,"abstract":41,"date":42,"authors_text":43,"tags":44,"url":23,"file":55,"imageCover":62,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":87,"theme":8,"country":8},63,"hi0f62dmiww7ko1wc80y07ki","Vulnerability and Resilience in Coastal Bangladesh","An assessment of flood Risk in the polder systems of Khulna Division","This policy brief focuses on the climate change vulnerability and resilience in four polder areas of Khulna, Bangladesh, and the adaptive capacity of each respective locality. The brief also explores the impact of various factors that have historically impacted the conditions of the polders, such as extreme weather events and lack of maintenance and upkeep.\n\nThe brief further explores the usage of a fuzzy model logic to predict future damages in the study areas, compounded by the effects of cyclonic events and rising sea levels. In order to address these issues, the brief recommends policies addressing the urgent repairment of polder infrastructure, regulated land zoning for shrimp farming, formalising LLA efforts, and constructing elevated housing.","2025-09-30","Fatima Jahan Ena, Shahadat Hossain, Fahmid Mohtasin, K Ayaz Rabbani",[45,47,49,51,53],{"tag":46},"Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA)",{"tag":48},"Polder System",{"tag":50},"Coastal Region",{"tag":52},"Policymaking",{"tag":54},"Governance",{"id":56,"url":57,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":58,"mime":28,"size":59,"name":60,"provider":31,"createdAt":61,"updatedAt":61},5,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/COLOCAL_Brief_2_Shahadat_Hossain_e8a8630719.pdf",{},9927.82,"COLOCAL Brief 2_Shahadat Hossain.pdf","2025-09-29T17:39:10.298Z",{"id":63,"url":64,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":65,"height":66,"formats":67,"mime":72,"size":84,"name":85,"provider":31,"createdAt":86,"updatedAt":86},22,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47.png",595,372,{"small":68,"thumbnail":77},{"ext":69,"url":70,"hash":71,"mime":72,"name":73,"path":8,"size":74,"width":75,"height":76},".png","https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/small_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47.png","small_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47","image/png","small_shahadat_policy brief_cover.png",202.14,500,313,{"ext":69,"url":78,"hash":79,"mime":72,"name":80,"path":8,"size":81,"width":82,"height":83},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/thumbnail_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47.png","thumbnail_shahadat_policy_brief_cover_c38a4faa47","thumbnail_shahadat_policy brief_cover.png",53.16,245,153,80.9,"shahadat_policy brief_cover.png","2025-10-07T13:26:06.489Z",{"type":88},"Policy Brief",{"id":90,"documentId":91,"title":92,"secondaryTitle":93,"abstract":94,"date":42,"authors_text":95,"tags":96,"url":23,"file":102,"imageCover":109,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":126,"theme":8,"country":8},64,"bb7fmisuhm4mi8su8pyghukc","Strengthening Climate Resilience Through Local Action","A framework for locally-led adaptation in coastal Bangladesh","This policy brief calls for a shift from top-down climate adaptation to genuine Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA) in Bangladesh. By prioritising local participation and context-specific solutions, LLA can strengthen climate resilience and sustainability. Despite growing recognition, implementation gaps persist due to weak local leadership, limited financial access, low transparency, and capacity constraints. Political influence and bureaucratic barriers further undermine the effectiveness of LLA, particularly in government-led initiatives.\n\nTo address these challenges, the brief recommends targeted reforms to strengthen local decision-making authority, ensure transparent allocation and tracking of adaptation resources, expand direct financial access for local actors, and invest in ongoing capacity building. These measures are essential to move beyond rhetoric and establish LLA as an effective, fair framework for climate resilience.","Fatima Jahan Ena, M Manjurul Islam, Fahmid Mohtasin, K Ayaz Rabbani",[97,98,100,101],{"tag":46},{"tag":99},"Community-Based Adaptation (CBA)",{"tag":52},{"tag":54},{"id":103,"url":104,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":105,"mime":28,"size":106,"name":107,"provider":31,"createdAt":108,"updatedAt":108},93,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/COLOCAL_Brief_3_Manjurul_Islam_bc8a3bd1da.pdf",{},13530.94,"COLOCAL Brief 3_Manjurul Islam.pdf","2025-11-01T04:59:45.659Z",{"id":110,"url":111,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":65,"height":66,"formats":112,"mime":72,"size":123,"name":124,"provider":31,"createdAt":125,"updatedAt":125},20,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Manjurual_brief_cover_image_9db976d780.png",{"small":113,"thumbnail":118},{"ext":69,"url":114,"hash":115,"mime":72,"name":116,"path":8,"size":117,"width":75,"height":76},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/small_Manjurual_brief_cover_image_9db976d780.png","small_Manjurual_brief_cover_image_9db976d780","small_Manjurual_brief_cover image.png",235.26,{"ext":69,"url":119,"hash":120,"mime":72,"name":121,"path":8,"size":122,"width":82,"height":83},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/thumbnail_Manjurual_brief_cover_image_9db976d780.png","thumbnail_Manjurual_brief_cover_image_9db976d780","thumbnail_Manjurual_brief_cover image.png",62.44,94.62,"Manjurual_brief_cover image.png","2025-10-07T13:07:08.792Z",{"type":88},{"id":128,"documentId":129,"title":130,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":131,"date":42,"authors_text":132,"tags":133,"url":23,"file":139,"imageCover":146,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":163,"theme":8,"country":8},65,"kqr8ckf2jxtxl2a7hhsz69lp","Accounting for Agency of Marginalised Communities in Adaptation","This policy brief highlights the urgency of recognising and empowering agency within marginalised communities in climate-vulnerable regions. It further builds upon the notion that adaptation efforts cannot succeed without addressing the intersecting challenges of caste, class inequalities, and climate risks.\n\nDalit communities, facing exclusion, limited education, and generational poverty, are often excluded from decision-making, making generalised strategies ineffective. To address this, the brief recommends a bottom-up approach that develops local leaders, institutionalises vision-building, uses quantitative methods to capture context-specific inequalities, and reduces bureaucratic barriers, ultimately fostering more equitable and effective climate resilience for one of Bangladesh’s most at-risk populations.","Fatima Jahan Ena, Ishrat Jahan, Fahmid Mohtasin, K A Rabbani",[134,136,137,138],{"tag":135},"Dalit community",{"tag":46},{"tag":54},{"tag":52},{"id":140,"url":141,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":142,"mime":28,"size":143,"name":144,"provider":31,"createdAt":145,"updatedAt":145},3,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/COLOCAL_Brief_1_Ishrat_Jahan_210d97ad79.pdf",{},12501.51,"COLOCAL Brief 1_Ishrat Jahan.pdf","2025-09-29T17:17:46.072Z",{"id":147,"url":148,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":65,"height":66,"formats":149,"mime":72,"size":160,"name":161,"provider":31,"createdAt":162,"updatedAt":162},21,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/ishrat_jahan_policy_brief_cover_a5e2c67b66.png",{"small":150,"thumbnail":155},{"ext":69,"url":151,"hash":152,"mime":72,"name":153,"path":8,"size":154,"width":75,"height":76},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/small_ishrat_jahan_policy_brief_cover_a5e2c67b66.png","small_ishrat_jahan_policy_brief_cover_a5e2c67b66","small_ishrat jahan_policy brief_cover.png",278.89,{"ext":69,"url":156,"hash":157,"mime":72,"name":158,"path":8,"size":159,"width":82,"height":83},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/thumbnail_ishrat_jahan_policy_brief_cover_a5e2c67b66.png","thumbnail_ishrat_jahan_policy_brief_cover_a5e2c67b66","thumbnail_ishrat jahan_policy brief_cover.png",73.85,107.82,"ishrat jahan_policy brief_cover.png","2025-10-07T13:24:27.520Z",{"type":88},{"id":165,"documentId":166,"title":167,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":168,"date":169,"authors_text":170,"tags":171,"url":23,"file":180,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":187,"theme":8,"country":8},68,"jrth0vnb1p7n5rb0i4qe6kae","Exploring Effective Strategies for Integrating Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) into NGO Practices","With growing intensity of climate change, vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh increasingly struggle to deliver equitable and sustainable adaptation. This study addresses the integration of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) principles into the activities of NGOs working in the climatevulnerable coastal upazila of Shyamnagar, Satkhira District. Despite their crucial role in local adaptation, NGOs often struggle to align top-down solutions with the lived experiences of marginalized communities. As a result, these organizations may not fully resonate with local perspectives. \n\nBy employing a qualitative methodology with IDIs, FGDs, and KIIs, this study seeks to investigate the current integration and operationalization of LLA principles in NGOs. It identifies the major challenges faced by NGOs in incorporating and practicing LLA, systematizes these challenges, and critically examines the approaches used to mainstream LLA principles, assessing how effective such approaches are at achieving desired adaptation outcomes. The study is grounded in a framework that explores the relationship between LLA principles, NGO practices and challenges, community participation, and the effectiveness of LLA integration strategies. \n\nThe findings emphasize that NGOs participate informally in LLA, promoting community-driven decision-making and inclusivity. However, obstacles remain such as centralized finance and misalignment of policy, capacity deficiencies (both at local government level and in local communities), duplication of effort, under-investment in environmental/infrastructure vulnerabilities. To address these tensions, the paper finds that NGOs utilize proactive strategies given by policy reform advocacy, making LLA typical within their organization, capacity building for local leaders and government, coordination platforms and, tailoring and community-driven designs. Such strategies help to promote greater local leadership (by providing the impetus), longterm community ownership, enhanced inclusivity and output-based adaptation delivery, thus reinforcing community resilience and accountability.\n\nThis paper seeks to identify obstacles and opportunities for effective integration of LLA, positing that transformative adaptation will only follow if NGOs re-orient themselves towards inclusive, rights-based framework of development processes that shift the locus of decision-making and funding away from the center. The results will also complement the discussions on recasting the role of civil society in responding to climate change, including forming alliances to build solidarity and reinforce local ownership. Eventually, this research aims to contribute to the development of more equitable and context-sensitive adaptation interventions that support livelihood resilience and justice for marginalized communities at the front lines of climate change.","2025-11-30","Mohammad Julfiqar Haider",[172,174,176,178],{"tag":173},"Locally Led Adaptation (LLA)",{"tag":175},"NGO Practices",{"tag":177},"Community Resilience",{"tag":179},"Decentralized Finance",{"id":181,"url":182,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":183,"mime":28,"size":184,"name":185,"provider":31,"createdAt":186,"updatedAt":186},170,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Julfiqar_Updated_Thesis_2331766_42688323b7.pdf",{},911.34,"Julfiqar_Updated_Thesis_2331766.pdf","2026-02-15T14:20:48.089Z",{"type":34},{"id":189,"documentId":190,"title":191,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":195,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":199,"theme":201,"country":202},261,"cmxrzd1kja01kan1icbknamy","Climate Risk Country Profile: Timor-Leste","CCKP’s Climate Risk Country Profiles present a high-level assessment of physical climate risks for a country, providing insight for decision-makers into the potential for increasing, expanding, and emerging risks across space and time, and for different climate futures.","2021-03-01","The World Bank Group",[196],{"tag":197},"Climate Change Country Profile","https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country-profiles",{"type":200},"Country Report",{"theme":197},{"name":203},"Timor-Leste",{"id":205,"documentId":206,"title":207,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":208,"date":209,"authors_text":210,"tags":211,"url":214,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":215,"theme":217,"country":219},56,"wsg1sexeq2lwhfzq9r0sssdt","Climate finance: What we know and what we should know?","This study summarizes the literature in the area of climate finance. For this review we employ bibliometric analysis. The analysis of the corpus reveals that the major contributions in the area have come much recently with Paris climate agreement being major motivator for research. China, UK, and US emerge as the major contributors to the existing research output. Further the bibliographic coupling analysis of the corpus reveals the existence of six major themes which include climate change, green financing, public policy, valuation of green bonds, green financing and banking, and green bonds and financial markets. We provide a summary of the development of these themes as well as the future direction to be explored.","2022-01-01","Suwan Long Cheng, Brian Lucey, Satish Kumar, Dayong Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang",[212],{"tag":213},"climate finance, green financing, green bonds, bibliometric analysis","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2949728023000019",{"type":216},"Journal Article",{"theme":218},"Climate finance",{"name":220},"Global",{"id":222,"documentId":223,"title":224,"secondaryTitle":225,"abstract":226,"date":227,"authors_text":8,"tags":228,"url":229,"file":230,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":237,"theme":8,"country":8},40,"nlbx2lsuxmtitxwrzxdtinpz","Solidarity levy on premium class air travel: an impact analysis on tourism in selected SIDS and LDC economies","Preliminary results from forthcoming research paper","This study assesses the potential of a Premium Flyers Solidarity Levy as an equitable and predictable source of climate finance, in particular for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Building on the principles of “polluter pays” and “ability to pay,” the proposed levy targets first- and business-class passengers, representing high-emission, high-income travel segments, to generate dedicated adaptation revenues without significantly affecting demand.\n\nThe analysis covers ten climate-vulnerable countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Colombia, Fiji, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Zambia, representing diverse geographic and economic contexts. These countries already experience massive losses due to climate change, for Fiji for example the equivalent of 5.8% of GDP. The tourism sector is particularly vulnerable. In Fiji, tourism contributes 30-40% of GDP.\n\nThree policy scenarios were modeled for both short-haul (\u003C1,500 km) and long-haul (>1,500 km) routes for commercial flights, with moderate to high rates (from 20$ to 90$ for premium classes).","2025-11-20",[],"https://solidaritylevies.org/preview-impact-of-premium-flyer-levies-in-sids-and-ldcs/",{"id":231,"url":232,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":233,"mime":28,"size":234,"name":235,"provider":31,"createdAt":236,"updatedAt":236},154,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Preliminary_results_Solidarity_levy_on_premium_class_air_travel_an_impact_analysis_on_tourism_in_selected_SIDS_and_LDC_economies_6b4e6ab1cd.pdf",{},109.71,"Preliminary-results-_-Solidarity-levy-on-premium-class-air-travel_-an-impact-analysis-on-tourism-in-selected-SIDS-and-LDC-economies.pdf","2026-01-13T08:41:18.540Z",{"type":238},"Working Paper",{"id":240,"documentId":241,"title":242,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":243,"date":244,"authors_text":245,"tags":246,"url":23,"file":251,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":258,"theme":8,"country":8},51,"fc6sfvohd8z3w3l5yd16dc6i","Agency & Adaptive Responses: The role of individual and collective agency in  shaping responses to climate change impacts among  Dalit communities in Satkhira, Bangladesh ","This thesis explores the role of agency in shaping responses to climate change impacts of four Dalit communities in Satkhira, the south-western region of Bangladesh. The thesis took on a mixed-method approach and conducted 22 in-depth interviews with men and women across the Rishi, Jele, Behara and Kaora communities in Satkhira, along with a survey of perceived levels of personal and collective agency with 135 participants.\n\nFindings highlight the importance of recognizing how personal and collective agency shape the avenues of coping, resisting, adapting or enacting transformative changes to grapple with climate change impacts for Dalit communities in this region. Narratives across the four communities highlight the unique challenges which emerge at the intersection of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities stemming from caste-based inequities. Findings show that despite high levels of personal agency, collective agency remains low across the four communities, as adaptation processes have rarely focused on developing their ability to envision and influence change or target systemic inequities which produce vulnerabilities in the first place. Despite this, narratives show how communities take up a range of institutional and non-institutional tactics to overcome or mitigate current and future impacts. Dalit communities also tackle caste-based discriminations by driving collective action and taking on leadership roles in adapting to climate change impacts or taking up pathways to resist maladaptive development processes beyond their community. The thesis adds further evidence to how disrupting systemic inequities is crucially important for ensuring environmental justice.\n\nThe thesis presents a case for focusing on the need for enhancing collective agency in line with fostering leadership and narrative change work among marginalized communities, especially those whose lives and livelihoods are intricately tied with sustaining environmental and  ecological integrity in climate vulnerable contexts. ","2025-10-07","Ishrat Jahan",[247,248,249,250],{"tag":135},{"tag":46},{"tag":54},{"tag":52},{"id":252,"url":253,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":254,"mime":28,"size":255,"name":256,"provider":31,"createdAt":257,"updatedAt":257},23,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Ishrat_Jahan_Thesis_44d484acad.pdf",{},815.13,"Ishrat Jahan_Thesis.pdf","2025-10-07T13:31:23.938Z",{"type":34},{"id":260,"documentId":261,"title":262,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":263,"date":264,"authors_text":265,"tags":266,"url":269,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":270,"theme":271,"country":273},52,"rp9t9lp499hdct2wr02g45p9","Allocating climate adaptation finance: examining three ethical arguments for recipient control","Most agree that large sums of money should be transferred to the most vulnerable countries in order to help them adapt to climate change. But how should that money be allocated within those countries? A popular and intuitively plausible answer, in line with the strong standing of the norm of ownership in development aid circles, is that this is for the recipient country to decide. The paper investigates the three most important types of ethical arguments for such ‘recipient control’: the epistemic argument, the entitlement argument, and the legitimacy argument. It is argued that there is a good case for recipient control in democratic countries, because such countries can be expected to act in the name of the people to whom adaptation finance is ultimately owed. However, the three arguments do not support, even if taken jointly, recipient control in nondemocratic countries. This is a significant result seeing as the majority of the most vulnerable countries are nondemocratic.","2015-01-01","Göran Duus-Otterström",[267],{"tag":268},"adaptation, climate change, equity, finance, justice, ownership","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10784-015-9288-3",{"type":216},{"theme":272},"Climate Finance",{"name":220},{"id":275,"documentId":276,"title":277,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":278,"date":244,"authors_text":279,"tags":280,"url":23,"file":287,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":294,"theme":8,"country":8},55,"d0glje723ckx4fcyo77xuw4w","Climate Change Vulnerability and Resilience of People Living in the Polder Area of Khulna Division and Assessment of Locally-Led Adaptation (LLA)","Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change due to geographical location and geomorphological conditions. Bangladesh experiences extremely disastrous situations like cyclones, floods, saline water intrusion, waterlogging, heavy rainfall, river erosion, storm surge, etc. that occur frequently in the coastal part of Bangladesh. This result in huge loss of lives damages properties and degrades the integrity of the environmental components. Bangladesh’s physical and cultural characteristics as well as the livelihoods of its people are defined by the GBM delta, which is endowed with an abundance of natural resources. The dynamically evolving coastal landscape of Bangladesh is controlled by the underlying geology and topography of the delta and the dynamic interaction between the influx of water and sediment, the coastal processes such as tides and wave action, and episodic events such as cyclones and monsoons. In Khulna Division, there are several polders. We have selected 04 polders for our study named: 7/1,7/2, 10-12, and 13-14/2. The flood damage information was collected from several household-level surveys which were caused by various Cyclonic events in these regions by using KOBO Toolbox. Then the data was used to prepare various flood damage curves to show the quantity of loss & damage of these polders people due to various Cyclonic events in the last 20 years. In parallel, the Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) practices were collected along the selected polders boundary by using FGD where a discussion was arranged with people to know the damages and how they are using their knowledge for making the decisions themselves. The focus is on the Local people Engagement of these polders in planning, implementation, and monitoring to manage the risks and challenges faced by the people due to climate change by predicting flood inundation in the upcoming years according to the report of IPCC. The inundation rate has been analyzed using ArcGIS. After that a fuzzy model was developed through MATLAB to predict the damage rate for 2100 due to sea level rise. Also, a detailed assessment was done about the gaps for the implementation of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) among polders people and a way forward to develop them to prepare against the cyclones & floods due to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise (SLR). ","Shahadat Hossain",[281,282,283,284,285,286],{"tag":46},{"tag":99},{"tag":48},{"tag":50},{"tag":54},{"tag":52},{"id":288,"url":289,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":290,"mime":28,"size":291,"name":292,"provider":31,"createdAt":293,"updatedAt":293},24,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Shahadat_Hossain_Thesis_bf3aae88ff.pdf",{},15582.33,"Shahadat Hossain_Thesis.pdf","2025-10-07T13:37:51.909Z",{"type":34},{"id":296,"documentId":297,"title":298,"secondaryTitle":299,"abstract":300,"date":301,"authors_text":302,"tags":303,"url":23,"file":312,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":319,"theme":8,"country":8},58,"mlbava5id0wqvgedaxk6b3l3","Exploring the Impact of Community-Based Adaptation Measures on Building Gender Responsive Resilience to Climate Change"," A  study in the selected areas of Southern Bangladesh","The study focuses on how community-based adaptation (CBA) measures in southern Bangladesh enhance community resilience by considering gender in climate adaptation strategies. It emphasizes addressing the unique challenges women face in climate change contexts to ensure successful adaptation efforts. Key implications involve empowering women economically, implementing localized adaptation strategies, promoting gender equality, developing capacities, and strengthening social networks. Establishing community-led committees with equal representation of women and men fosters inclusive decision-making processes, which are essential for the sustainability and acceptance of adaptation measures. Inclusive governance, using diverse perspectives and experiences, results in more comprehensive and effective solutions by harnessing the community's collective strengths to tackle climate challenges.","2025-10-31","Raisa Imran Chowdhury",[304,305,306,308,310,311],{"tag":46},{"tag":99},{"tag":307},"Gender Responsive Resilience (GRR)",{"tag":309},"Coastal Bangladesh",{"tag":52},{"tag":54},{"id":313,"url":314,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":315,"mime":28,"size":316,"name":317,"provider":31,"createdAt":318,"updatedAt":318},91,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Raisa_Imran_Chowdhury_Thesis_e1d31a5a29.pdf",{},1074.42,"Raisa Imran Chowdhury_Thesis.pdf","2025-10-31T05:15:09.872Z",{"type":34},{"id":103,"documentId":321,"title":322,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":323,"date":324,"authors_text":325,"tags":326,"url":327,"file":328,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":335,"theme":8,"country":8},"mtbkqg4oqrt9miry4oqd72yk","Pathways for urgent action towards climate resilient development","There is a closing window of opportunity to ensure a sustainable future for all, with deep and rapid action needed this decade. Inclusive and just climate resilient development advances sustainable development and keeps open pathways to a liveable planet but requires urgent and fundamental shifts in prevailing development politics and practice. ","2024-11-22","Siri H. Eriksen, Nicholas P. Simpson, Bruce Glavovic, Debora Ley, Edward R. Carr, Luis Fernández-Carril, Bronwyn Hayward, Mike D. Morecroft, Minal Pathak, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Debra C. Roberts, Alex C. Ruane, Roberto Sánchez-Rodríguez, E. Lisa F. Schipper, William Solecki, Lindsay C. Stringer, Edmond Totin, Arlene Birt & Frode Degvold",[],"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02190-0",{"id":329,"url":330,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":331,"mime":28,"size":332,"name":333,"provider":31,"createdAt":334,"updatedAt":334},196,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Pathways_for_action_towards_CRD_5a26997c0d.pdf",{},1069.26,"Pathways_for_action_towards_CRD.pdf","2026-03-02T23:34:14.545Z",{"type":336},"Journal Publications",{"id":338,"documentId":339,"title":340,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":341,"date":342,"authors_text":343,"tags":344,"url":351,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":352,"theme":354,"country":355},238,"ipu69vgdzx86m8ofb37ol9ba","Climate Change Adaptation in Europe and Central Asia","This publication explores lessons learned from over a decade of working with local and national governments to build and implement climate change adaptation projects in the region. The case studies highlighted in this publication give a comprehensive overview of UNDP support to climate resilience in ECA from 2005 to 2017. These country-driven projects benefitted from the financial and technical resources of a number of donors, including the Global Environment Facility (GEF), Adaptation Fund (AF), Green Climate Fund (GCF), European Union (EU), and bilateral donors.","2018-03-01","Anna Kaplina, Natalia Olonfinskaya, Milena Kozomara, Janine Twyman Mills, Saran Selenge",[345,347,349],{"tag":346},"climate change adaptation",{"tag":348},"Green Climate Fund",{"tag":350},"Adaptation fund","https://www.undp.org/publications/climate-change-adaptation-europe-and-central-asia",{"type":353},"Report",{"theme":346},{"name":356},"Europe and Central Asia",{"id":358,"documentId":359,"title":360,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":361,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":363,"theme":364,"country":365},263,"f5kp0a0vyjr7fwcf1gqrt0eu","Climate Risk Country Profile: Uganda",[362],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":366},"Uganda",{"id":368,"documentId":369,"title":218,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":370,"date":371,"authors_text":372,"tags":373,"url":376,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":377,"theme":378,"country":379},268,"i5vkdh6jilh0zodo90zmduga","Climate finance is the study of local and global financing of public and private investment that seeks to support mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. In 2017, the Review of Financial Studies launched a competition among scholars to develop research proposals on the topic with the goal of publishing this special volume. We describe the competition, how the nine projects featured in this volume came to be published, and frame their findings within what we view as a broader climate finance research program.","2020-06-01","Harrison Hong, Andrew Karolyi, Jose A Scheinkman",[374],{"tag":375},"climate finance","https://academic.oup.com/rfs/Article/33/3/1011/5735309",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":381,"documentId":382,"title":383,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":384,"date":385,"authors_text":386,"tags":387,"url":390,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":391,"theme":8,"country":392},60,"wqer21ywpsenu9k80q1dxnxn","Mobilizing private sector investment for climate action: enhancing ambition and scaling up implementation","Private-sector finance has been widely seen as a step to scale up access to resources for ambitious climate action, given the limited availability of public resources. However, there is a knowledge gap about the risks, barriers, and opportunities associated with greater private investment. This paper analyses some important barriers that commonly inhibit private sector investment in climate adaptation action. The analysis draws on case studies of small and medium-sized business (SMEs), multinational companies (MNCs), B corporations and impact investors. Our analysis confirms that private sector actors are willing to invest in climate adaptation, but their investment decisions are constrained by risk profiles associated with climate adaptation projects, the lack of financially viable and bankable projects, and complete knowledge of climate risk that guide adaptation decision. A tailored approach is required to leverage private sector finance, and conducive public policy interventions will facilitate to mobilize different types of private sector actors.","2021-05-27","Bhim Adhikari, Lolita Shaila Safaee Chalkasra",[388],{"tag":389},"adaptation finance, private sector, SMEs, MNCs, B corporations, business case for adaptation","https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1917929",{"type":216},{"name":220},{"id":394,"documentId":395,"title":396,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":397,"date":244,"authors_text":398,"tags":399,"url":23,"file":404,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":411,"theme":8,"country":8},61,"kkk9nj3ine0gg6qi6mgsi3mx","The State of Locally-led Adaptation (LLA) in  Climate Vulnerable Communities in Selected  Coastal Districts of Bangladesh ","Climate change is one of the most serious environmental concerns that humankind is now facing. It significantly impacts various sectors, including food security, natural ecosystems, freshwater supply, and human health. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries regarding climate change's consequences. Floods, droughts, cyclones, riverbank erosion, salt intrusion, and water logging are all prevalent in the country. These all affected food, water, health, energy security, and people's livelihoods. Bangladesh's government and nongovernmental organizations-initiated attempts to tackle the climate change disaster via community-based adaptation, which has certain limitations in making the community more resilient. Locally driven adaptation has risen to the top of the global and local agendas, intending to implement adaptation measures through local authorities. However, development community has for many years CBA was being practiced, but LLA is more exhaustive and more politically challenging. Therefore, this thesis looks into the understanding of LLA and the difference between LLA and CBA, participation and decision-making under LLA, roles of community leaders, and the community’s encountered challenges and expectations broadly. This study relies mainly on qualitative research methods, with very few quantitative approaches used. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with government and non-governmental organization (NGO) workers were used to collect information about locally led adaptation (LLA). Focus Group Discussions were also used to gather community people's perspectives on LLA initiatives, including their utilization, effectiveness, and prospects. Overall characteristics of LLA were calculated for the projects of NGOs and GOBs; the results showed that both types of organizations fell within the moderate level of LLA features. Most of the respondents could not clearly define the term, but their attempts to define LLA were significant, and their thoughts were linked to their experience and knowledge. Participation in the project design and planning phase is low among the communities due to the complex procedures of organizations. Local actors advocate on behalf of the people in the community to receive benefits from NGOs. NGOs invite the community to MEL activities to a limited extent, whereas GoB has no scope for communities; besides, communities have limited access to the project's progress and financial information. NGO initiatives collaborate better with CSO and CBOs at the community level than GOB projects. They are implementing LLA projects or initiatives affected mainly by the power dynamics at the local level and limited or no access to financial resources. Besides, local political influence also causes the problem of implementing the LLA process. Lack of transparency in the implementation process and lack of accountability of community people are critical governance challenges at the grassroots level. Communities and local actors lack of capacity to implement the LLA initiatives to make their communities resilient in most cases. The policy provision necessary for locally-led adaptation requires the government to launch a one-of-a-kind effort to establish particular policy choices for LLA and to incorporate LLA into all climate change plans and strategies. Besides, a local-level MEL system should be in place to track progress and ensure accountability and learning mechanisms. ","M Manjurul Islam\n",[400,401,402,403],{"tag":46},{"tag":99},{"tag":52},{"tag":54},{"id":405,"url":406,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":407,"mime":28,"size":408,"name":409,"provider":31,"createdAt":410,"updatedAt":410},25,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Manjurul_Islam_Thesis_f0d29bb8e1.pdf",{},1626.91,"Manjurul Islam_Thesis.pdf","2025-10-07T13:41:40.912Z",{"type":34},{"id":82,"documentId":413,"title":414,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":415,"date":416,"authors_text":417,"tags":418,"url":422,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":423,"theme":425,"country":426},"rt3a7eto518dgnt1uld64k22","Climate Finance Technical and Policy Notes","Technical report on bridging the WAEMU climate policy gaps to access climate finance.","2023-03-01","Abdrahmane Wane, Maguette Kaïré",[419,420],{"tag":375},{"tag":421},"climate flow distribution","https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/climate-finance-technical-and-policy-notes-technical-report.pdf",{"type":424},"Technical Report",{"theme":218},{"name":427},"West Africa",{"id":429,"documentId":430,"title":431,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":432,"date":433,"authors_text":434,"tags":435,"url":448,"file":449,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":456,"theme":8,"country":8},79,"ya28l13mibbsdiicj0yxguxb","Interplays between changing biophysical and social dynamics under climate change: Implications for limits to sustainable adaptation in food systems","Climate change scenarios have significant implications for the livelihoods and food security of particular groups in society and will necessitate a range of adaptation actions. While there is a significant literature on the social as well as biophysical factors and limits to adaptation, less is known about the interactions between these, and what such interactions mean for the prospects of achieving sustainable and resilient food systems. This paper is an attempt at addressing this gap by examining changing biophysical and social factors, with specific consideration of vulnerable groups, across four case studies (Ghana, Malawi, Norway and Spain). In each case, future climate change scenarios and associated biophysical limits are mapped onto four key social factors that drive vulnerability and mediate adaptation, namely, scale, history, power and politics, and social differentiation. We then consider what the interaction between biophysical limits and socio-political dynamics means for the options for and limits to future adaptation, and how climate may interact with, and reshape, sociopolitical elements. We find that biophysical limits and socio-political factors do not operate in isolation, but interact, with dynamic relationships determining the ‘space’ or set of options for sustainable adaptation. By connecting the perspectives of biophysical and social factors, the study illuminates the risks of unanticipated outcomes that result from the disregard of local contexts in the implementation of adaptation measures. We conclude that a framework focusing on the space for sustainable adaptation conditioned by biophysical and social factors, and their interactions, can help provide evidence on what does and does not constitute sustainable adaptation, and help to counter unhelpful narratives of climate change as a sole or dominant cause of challenges in food systems. KEYWORDS climate change, food system, limits to adaptation, political ecology, sustainable adaptation, vulnerability.\n\nKeywords: climate change, food system, limits to adaptation, political ecology, sustainable adaptation, vulnerability","2021-12-17","Rachel Bezner Kerr, Lars Otto Naess, Bridget Allen-O’Neil, Edmond Totin, Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong, Camilla Risvoll, Marta G. Rivera Ferre, Feliu López-i-Gelats, Siri Eriksen",[436,438,440,442,444,446],{"tag":437},"climate change",{"tag":439},"food system",{"tag":441},"limits to adaptation",{"tag":443},"political ecology",{"tag":445}," sustainable adaptation",{"tag":447},"vulnerability","https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16124",{"id":450,"url":451,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":452,"mime":28,"size":453,"name":454,"provider":31,"createdAt":455,"updatedAt":455},155,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Global_Change_Biology_2022_Bezner_Kerr_Interplays_between_changing_biophysical_and_social_dynamics_under_climate_559b3b3847.pdf",{},16722.79,"Global Change Biology - 2022 - Bezner Kerr - Interplays between changing biophysical and social dynamics under climate.pdf","2026-01-13T09:58:16.515Z",{"type":336},{"id":458,"documentId":459,"title":460,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":23,"date":416,"authors_text":461,"tags":462,"url":463,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":464,"theme":465,"country":8},274,"o0b1gmnmroyd20yjs5cxmta4","Enhancing access to climate finance for Small Island Developing States","Emily Wilkinson, Pia Treichel and Michai Robertson",[],"https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/SIDS-access-to-climate-finance-policy-brief-GCF.pdf",{"type":88},{"theme":218},{"id":467,"documentId":468,"title":469,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":470,"date":471,"authors_text":472,"tags":473,"url":484,"file":485,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":492,"theme":8,"country":8},82,"awwu4cbjondw0wlvhvt8ws1w","Adapting to climate change among transitioning Maasai pastoralists in southern Kenya: an intersectional analysis of differentiated abilities to benefit from diversification processes","With increasingly fragmented rangelands, restricted mobility and climatic stress, diversification has accelerated among East African pastoralists. Diversification is also promoted as a climate change adaptation strategy to reduce climatic exposure. Through a study of a Maasai communal land in southern Kenya, we analyze how pastoralists navigate changing access to key productive resources that are linked to diversification processes, social differentiation, and the reshaping of livelihood practices. By integrating an intersectional approach in access theory, we unpack a deeper level of context specific patterns of inclusion and exclusion embedded within evolving production relations.","2022-09-22","Edwige Marty, Renee Bullock, Matthew Cashmore, Todd Crane & Siri Eriksen",[474,476,478,480,482],{"tag":475},"Pastoralism",{"tag":477},"Diversification",{"tag":479},"Intersectionality",{"tag":481},"Climate Change Adaptation",{"tag":483},"Agrarian Struggles","https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2121918",{"id":486,"url":487,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":488,"mime":28,"size":489,"name":490,"provider":31,"createdAt":491,"updatedAt":491},200,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Adapting_to_climate_change_among_transitioning_Maasai_pastoralists_in_southern_Kenya_an_intersectional_analysis_of_differentiated_abilities_to_benefi_1_6fc1c0eda7.pdf",{},3339.51,"Adapting to climate change among transitioning Maasai pastoralists in southern Kenya  an intersectional analysis of differentiated abilities to benefi (1).pdf","2026-03-03T00:09:42.271Z",{"type":336},{"id":494,"documentId":495,"title":496,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":497,"date":498,"authors_text":499,"tags":500,"url":512,"file":513,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":520,"theme":8,"country":8},83,"t2eczemk8g8ng2i24q5k3cgu","Is my vulnerability so different from yours? A call for compassionate climate change research","Current conceptualizations of vulnerability have so far served to describe—and reproduce— social difference, setting people apart at local and global scales. Yet vulnerability is fundamental to the connectedness in social relations critical to understanding and acting on climate change. A more compassionate type of research is urgently required; that is, one that goes beyond the material and political dimensions to investigate the deeply personal. Drawing on politics of adaptation, emotional geographies, sustainability science and psychology literatures, the paper reconceptualizes vulnerability as co-suffering, linking lived experiences with a shared humanity.","2022-04-07","Siri H Eriksen",[501,503,504,506,508,510],{"tag":502},"Vulnerability",{"tag":437},{"tag":505},"compassion",{"tag":507},"climate resilient development",{"tag":509},"emotional geographies",{"tag":511},"personal-political","https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221083221",{"id":514,"url":515,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":516,"mime":28,"size":517,"name":518,"provider":31,"createdAt":519,"updatedAt":519},203,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/eriksen_2022_is_my_vulnerability_so_different_from_your_s_a_call_for_compassionate_climate_change_research_ee81c2cb08.pdf",{},626.91,"eriksen-2022-is-my-vulnerability-so-different-from-your-s-a-call-for-compassionate-climate-change-research.pdf","2026-03-03T00:26:49.453Z",{"type":336},{"id":522,"documentId":523,"title":524,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":525,"date":526,"authors_text":527,"tags":528,"url":542,"file":543,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":550,"theme":8,"country":8},84,"kzioc70nrpqlh22iknkhjv1a","The Politics of Governing Resilience: Gendered Dimensions of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Kenya","This paper uses climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Kenya as an empirical entry point for investigating how climate actions reshape or reinforce gender relations, and how they are aimed at improving local resilience that is nested in such relations. While enhancing national foo security, CSA practices could however reproduce inequitable power relations, such as gendered authority relations that produce vulnerability and inequalities. Equity and knowledge represent particularly contested aspects of CSA because it largely fails to address who wins and who loses from such interventions, who are able to participate while others are excluded, and whose knowledge and perspectives count in decision-making processes. Gender relations provide a stark illustration of the way that CSA fails to address how enduring inequalities of access in both production and consumption shape who is rendered vulnerable to climate change and who is left food insecure. In this paper, we treat CSA projects as a site of tensions between stability and contestation of gender relations, brought into view through moments where practices and knowledges are (re)shaped. We first review the concepts of authority, recognition, and resilience as a framework to understand how gendered inequalities and struggles over rights to resources are perpetuated within adaptation and resilience responses to climate variability. We analyze evidence from past studies regarding rural adaptation processes and gender dimensions in CSA projects to identify how such projects may modify the space for renegotiating inequitable gender relations. We approach gender relations as authority relations that are constantly internalized, resisted, and contested through practices and interactions between different actors associated with CSA projects, and the different knowledges that direct these practices. The examination focuses on Kenya as an empirical context to gain sufficient depth in understanding the social and political processes in which climate actions and gender relations are nested, enabling us to identify key points of intersection within these two themes. In addition, gendered dimensions of rural resource governance and adaptation are relatively well-described in Kenya, providing lessons for how climate actions can become more gender-responsive.","2022-06-07","Anouk Brisebois, Siri Hallstrøm Eriksen, Todd Andrew Crane",[529,531,533,534,536,538,540],{"tag":530},"Adaptation Interventions",{"tag":532},"Resilience",{"tag":54},{"tag":535},"Climate Change",{"tag":537},"climate-smart agriculture",{"tag":539},"gender equity",{"tag":541},"Kenya","https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.864292",{"id":544,"url":545,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":546,"mime":28,"size":547,"name":548,"provider":31,"createdAt":549,"updatedAt":549},202,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/The_Politics_of_Governing_Resilience_8b1ce11e9f.pdf",{},561.55,"The Politics of Governing Resilience.pdf","2026-03-03T00:20:40.764Z",{"type":336},{"id":552,"documentId":553,"title":554,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":555,"date":556,"authors_text":557,"tags":558,"url":569,"file":570,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":577,"theme":8,"country":8},85,"qcs1rrynpkuzqkqk7h45feq5","Transforming environmental governance: critical action intellectuals and their praxis in the field","Over the past decade, widespread concern has emerged over how environmental governance can be transformed to avoid impending catastrophes such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and livelihood insecurity. A variety of approaches have emerged, focusing on either politics, technological breakthrough, social movements, or macro-economic processes as the main drivers of change. In contrast, this paper presents theoretical insights about how systemic change in environmental governance can be triggered by critical and intellectually grounded social actors in specific contexts of environment and development. Conceptualising such actors as critical action intellectuals (CAI), we analyze how CAI emerge in specific socio-environmental contexts and contribute to systemic change in governance. CAI trigger transformative change by shifting policy discourse, generating alternative evidence, and challenging dominant policy assumptions, whilst aiming to empower marginalized groups. While CAI do not work in a vacuum, nor are the sole force in transformation, we nevertheless show that the praxis of CAI within fields of environmental governance has the potential to trigger transformation. We illustrate this through three cases of natural resource governance in Nepal, Nicaragua and Guatemala, and Kenya, where the authors themselves have engaged as CAI. We contribute to theorising the ‘how’ of transformation by showing the ways CAI praxis reshape fields of governance and catalyze transformation, distinct from, and at times complementary to, other dominant drivers such as social movements, macroeconomic processes or technological breakthroughs.","2022-02-22","Hemant Ojha, Andrea J. Nightingale, Noémi Gonda, Benard Oula Muok, Siri Eriksen, Dil Khatri, Dinesh Paudel",[559,561,563,565,567],{"tag":560},"Transformation",{"tag":562},"Environmental governance",{"tag":564},"Critical action intellectuals",{"tag":566},"Praxis",{"tag":568},"Social field","https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01108-z",{"id":571,"url":572,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":573,"mime":28,"size":574,"name":575,"provider":31,"createdAt":576,"updatedAt":576},204,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Transforming_environmental_governance_critical_action_intellectuals_ec0bdea68f.pdf",{},600,"Transforming environmental governance critical action intellectuals.pdf","2026-03-03T00:31:20.717Z",{"type":336},{"id":579,"documentId":580,"title":581,"secondaryTitle":582,"abstract":583,"date":584,"authors_text":585,"tags":586,"url":597,"file":598,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":605,"theme":8,"country":8},87,"mdh2zpi33q29pvevnb23v249","Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability","Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “CareFull” Climate Action","Health. Disability. Vulnerability. These words are often used when discussing the risks of climate disruption. These discussions warn of the potential for climate impacts to “undermine 50 years of gains in public health” (as stated by the Lancet Countdown on Climate Change). Increasingly, such discussions also acknowledge climate injustice, examining who will benefit or lose out from climate change, how and why. The embodied vulnerability of disabled people is often assumed within such discussions, with less consideration of the social, economic or political conditions that create this vulnerability. \n\nBy bringing disability justice and disability studies into correspondence with care, environmental and climate justice scholarship, this reflective paper challenges the master narratives that blur differentiated experiences of disability and climate impacts into a single story of inevitable vulnerability. Recognising disabled people as knowers, makers and agents of change, it calls for transformative climate action, underpinned by values of solidarity, mutuality and care. \n","2024-09-20","S. L. Bell, S. Jodoin, T. N. Bush, L. Crow, S. H. Eriksen, E. Geen, M. Keogh, R. Yeo",[587,589,590,592,593,595],{"tag":588},"Disability",{"tag":535},{"tag":591},"Climate Adaptation",{"tag":447},{"tag":594},"precarity",{"tag":596},"care","https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.13169/intljofdissocjus.4.2.0048",{"id":599,"url":600,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":601,"mime":28,"size":602,"name":603,"provider":31,"createdAt":604,"updatedAt":604},195,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Beyond_the_Single_Story_of_Climate_Vulnerability_d158235b23.pdf",{},584.07,"Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability.pdf","2026-03-02T23:27:42.307Z",{"type":336},{"id":607,"documentId":608,"title":609,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":610,"date":611,"authors_text":612,"tags":613,"url":624,"file":625,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":632,"theme":8,"country":8},88,"l912vhb1nddpw0v7nh7h08q4","Local Context Capacity Building Needs for Climate Change Adaptation among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda: Policy and Practice Implications","Climate change impacts threaten sustainable development efforts. The magnitude of the impacts, however, varies with socio-ecological characteristics of locations. This is the reason there is consensus on the necessity for climate change adaptive capacity building that is country driven, based on and responsive to local needs. However, information on context specific capacity building needs in developing countries is not readily available. The objective of this study was to establish location specific awareness, training, educational, research and technology capacity building needs for climate change adaptation among small-holder farmers in Uganda. Structured interviews were undertaken with 465 households from five agro-ecological zones selected based on the level of vulnerability of agricultural systems to the main climate variation and change hazards. Results reveal substantial capacity building needs in all the zones. Majority of the farmers needed capacity building for interventions on soil water conservation practices for adapting to drought and unpredictable rainfall. For all zones, education, research, and technology were perceived as key needs. However, the needs varied among zones. These results demonstrate the importance of context specificity in adaptation efforts. The study provides agroecological and social system specific information for climate change adaptation planning and policy interventions for effective capacity building.","2023-11-17","David Mfitumukiza, Gordon Yofesi Mwesigwa, Ellen Jessica Kayendeke, Vincent Bampalana Muwanika",[614,616,618,620,622],{"tag":615},"agriculture",{"tag":617},"agro-ecological zone",{"tag":619},"adaptive capacity",{"tag":621},"least developed countries",{"tag":623},"Paris Agreement","doi.org/10.3390/cli12010010",{"id":626,"url":627,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":628,"mime":28,"size":629,"name":630,"provider":31,"createdAt":631,"updatedAt":631},198,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Local_Context_Capacity_Building_Needs_for_Climate_75ced7c611.pdf",{},604.28,"Local_Context_Capacity_Building_Needs_for_Climate_.pdf","2026-03-02T23:46:29.119Z",{"type":336},{"id":634,"documentId":635,"title":636,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":637,"date":638,"authors_text":639,"tags":640,"url":653,"file":654,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":661,"theme":8,"country":8},89,"fjp1cm5u20w9lnfby08dhtjm","Locally led adaptation: Promise, pitfalls, and possibilities","Locally led adaptation (LLA) has recently gained importance against top-down planning practices that often exclude the lived realities and priorities of local communities and create injustices at the local level. The promise of LLA is that adaptation would be defined, prioritised, designed, monitored, and evaluated by local communities themselves, enabling a shift in power to local stakeholders, resulting in more effective adaptation interventions. Critical reflections on the intersections of power and justice in LLA are, however, lacking. This article offers a nuanced understanding of the power and justice considerations required to make LLA useful for local communities and institutions, and to resolve the tensions between LLA and other development priorities. It also contributes to a further refinement of LLA methodologies and practices to better realise its promises. Ultimately, we argue that the utility of the LLA framing in promoting climate justice and empowering local actors needs to be tested empirically.","2023-06-07","M. Feisal Rahman, Danielle Falzon, Stacy-ann Robinson, Laura Kuhl, Ross Westoby, Jessica Omukuti, E. Lisa F. Schipper, Karen E. McNamara, Bernadette P. Resurreccion, David Mfitumukiza, Md. Nadiruzzaman",[641,643,645,647,649,651],{"tag":642},"Adaptation",{"tag":644},"Community led",{"tag":646},"Justice",{"tag":648},"Local",{"tag":650},"Locally led adaptation (LLA)",{"tag":652},"Power","https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01884-7",{"id":655,"url":656,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":657,"mime":28,"size":658,"name":659,"provider":31,"createdAt":660,"updatedAt":660},201,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Locally_led_adaptation_Promise_pitfalls_and_possibilities_b9d9c3092f.pdf",{},1287.62,"Locally led adaptation Promise, pitfalls, and possibilities.pdf","2026-03-03T00:13:22.416Z",{"type":336},{"id":663,"documentId":664,"title":665,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":666,"date":667,"authors_text":668,"tags":669,"url":670,"file":671,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":678,"theme":8,"country":8},90,"yq945oez54ce5fgieaudvxx8","Advancing disability-inclusive climate research and action, climate justice, and climate-resilient development","Globally, more than 1 billion people with disabilities are disproportionately and differentially at risk from the climate crisis. Yet there is a notable absence of climate policy, programming, and research at the intersection of disability and climate change. Advancing climate justice urgently requires accelerated disability-inclusive climate action. We present pivotal research recommendations and guidance to advance disability-inclusive climate research and responses identified by a global interdisciplinary group of experts in disability, climate change, sustainable development, public health, environmental justice, humanitarianism, gender, Indigeneity, mental health, law, and planetary health. Climate-resilient development is a framework for enabling universal sustainable development. Advancing inclusive climate resilient development requires a disability human rights approach that deepens understanding of how societal choices and actions—characterised by meaningful participation, inclusion, knowledge diversity in decision making, and co-design by and with people with disabilities and their representative organisation —build collective climate resilience benefiting disability communities and society at large while advancing planetary health.","2026-04-01","Penelope J S Stein, Michael Ashley Stein, Nora Groce, Maria Kett, Emmanuel K Akyeampong, Willliam P Alford, Jayajit Chakraborty, Sheelagh Daniels-Mayes, Siri H Eriksen, Anne Fracht, Luis Gallegos, Shaun Grech, Pratima Gurung, Asha Hans, Paul Harpur, Sébastien Jodoin, Janet E Lord, Setareki Seru Macanawai, Charlotte V McClain-Nhlapo, Benyam Dawit Mezmur, Rhonda J Moore, Yolanda Muñoz, Vikram Patel, Phuong N Pham, Gerard Quinn, Sarah A Sadlier, Carmel Shachar, Matthew S Smith, Lise Van Susteren",[],"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00024-X",{"id":672,"url":673,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":674,"mime":28,"size":675,"name":676,"provider":31,"createdAt":677,"updatedAt":677},199,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Advancing_disability_inclusive_climate_research_and_action_climate_justice_and_climate_resilient_development_70ac4175dc.pdf",{},328.77,"Advancing disability-inclusive climate research and action, climate justice, and climate-resilient development.pdf","2026-03-02T23:53:15.624Z",{"type":336},{"id":313,"documentId":680,"title":681,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":682,"date":683,"authors_text":684,"tags":685,"url":697,"file":698,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":705,"theme":8,"country":8},"kfz4chgrsceml09ovgvy9y8n","Between a rock and a hard place: exploring the lived experience of disability and climate injustice","This paper examines disability and climate injustice among rural livelihoods in Kenya and Uganda, foregrounding the importance of understanding, respecting and embedding the lived experiences of persons with disabilities (PWDs) in climate adaptation practice. Previous studies have highlighted the need to approach transformative adaptation through interventions that address the unjust knowledge and power relations that create vulnerability. Social injustice in essence describes the interlinked processes through which people come to be stuck between a rock and a hard place; a poignant way of characterizing the vulnerable situations that many PWDs have to navigate within everyday lives increasingly permeated by climate risk. Our study engages with everyday disability knowledges to explore how the disproportionate climate risks they experience intersect with processes of marginalization and a lack of access to the benefits of climate interventions. In both Kenya and Uganda, local adaptation decision-making structures involve explicit representation of PWDs. Despite this important progress, key dimensions through which exclusion and social injustices unfold are identified. The experiential knowledge of PWDs is essential to deepen our understanding of what it takes to build inclusive, mutual learning processes into transformative climate adaptation efforts, strengthening climate justice.","2025-12-12","Siri Hallstrøm Eriksen, Sarah L. Bell, David Mfitumukiza, Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas, Riya Pankaj Dani, Nadia Delic-Klevstad, Syeda Faseeha Fatima Gilani, Robyn Grøndahl, Victor Kuteesa, Edwige Marty, David Nangosi, Marianne Skolbekken, Marthe Sponberg, Anna Badke, Elizabeth McKenzie Jemison, Silje Kristin Østhaug Kleven, Emma Killingmoe Martinsen, Mastulah Nalubwama, Esayas Negash Tecle & Martin Kigozi Ssennoga",[686,688,690,692,693,695],{"tag":687},"Climate justice",{"tag":689},"disability",{"tag":691},"transformative adaptation",{"tag":437},{"tag":694},"Africa",{"tag":696},"epistemic justice","https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2592263",{"id":699,"url":700,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":701,"mime":28,"size":702,"name":703,"provider":31,"createdAt":704,"updatedAt":704},168,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Between_a_rock_and_a_hard_place_exploring_the_lived_experience_of_disability_and_climate_injustice_6b63263a0b.pdf",{},1045.23,"Between a rock and a hard place  exploring the lived experience of disability and climate injustice.pdf","2026-02-15T06:59:30.011Z",{"type":336},{"id":707,"documentId":708,"title":709,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":710,"date":711,"authors_text":712,"tags":713,"url":722,"file":723,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":730,"theme":8,"country":8},92,"e0m9wb86ej35iolz82s7fpbr","Formal education as a contested pastoral adaptation pathway: insights from southern Kenya","In dryland pastoral environments, political and geographical marginalization has historically led to development strategies that poorly account for individual and communities’ spatial and socioeconomic realities. These development legacies, including long-standing epistemic biases in defining what should be adapted, are often insufficiently considered within adaptation research and practice. This article sets out to analyze the historical emergence and enactment of formal education as a contested adaptation pathway in southern Kenya. For this, I combine the strengths of the historically situated analyses of the pathways scholarship and feminist political ecology’s attention to the performance of intersectional relations of power in everyday livelihood practices. I bring together both archival data and qualitative primary data from focus group discussions (n = 16) and individual interviews (n = 122) conducted in three pastoral communities. The results exemplify the ways that non-climatic factors, such as increased formal school enrolment, (re)shape everyday livelihood practices and social aspirations, molding the current adaptation space. Notably, enacting formal education as an adaptation pathway requires one to navigate increasing cash pressures, mobility, and labor constraints. Wealth disparities, gendered norms, and geographies intersect to shape patterns of vulnerability, with poorer pastoralists residing further away from school centers facing difficult trade-offs on their time and resources. Understanding pathways enactments contributes to problematizing current logics of development and adaptation needs, while yielding important information on socio-spatial differentiation processes in pastoral systems. It also opens the space for further research to use these critical insights to identify alternative adaptation pathways that support more just transformations towards sustainability. ","2026-07-17","Edwige Marty",[714,716,718,719,720],{"tag":715},"Adaptation Pathways",{"tag":717},"Feminist Political Ecology",{"tag":475},{"tag":481},{"tag":721},"Education","https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02269-6",{"id":724,"url":725,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":726,"mime":28,"size":727,"name":728,"provider":31,"createdAt":729,"updatedAt":729},197,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Formal_education_as_a_contested_pastoral_adaptation_pathway_5709004511.pdf",{},1115.1,"Formal education as a contested pastoral adaptation pathway.pdf","2026-03-02T23:39:47.759Z",{"type":336},{"id":732,"documentId":733,"title":734,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":735,"date":736,"authors_text":737,"tags":738,"url":751,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":752,"theme":8,"country":8},94,"a487hxxhrvwoceyxw8i74up6","Dynamics of knowledge creation and use for disaster management in Chokwe district, Mozambique","**Purpose**\nDisaster management practices depend on societies' knowledge. As climate change rapidly reshapes knowledge, questions arise about how knowledge for disaster management is produced and (re)shaped in modern world and how effective it is to withstand the ever-growing frequency and magnitude of disasters. This paper discusses the dynamics of knowledge creation and its use for disaster management in Chokwe district, southern Mozambique.\n\n**Design/methodology/approach**\nThe study reviews historical archives to identify how disaster management knowledge has changed from pre-colonization to the present.\n\n**Findings**\nBefore colonization, local knowledge associated with traditions of asking gods and ancestors for rain and blessings in life prevailed. With colonization, around the 1500s, Portuguese rulers attempted to eliminate these local practices through an inflow of European settlers who disseminated scientific knowledge, built dams and irrigation schemes, which changed the region’s knowledge base and regimes of flooding and drought. After independence in 1975, the new government nationalized all the private property, expelled the settlers and imposed a socialist order. All knowledge on disaster management was dictated by the new government; those against this new order were sent to re-education centers implanted nationwide. Centralization of knowledge and power was, therefore, implanted. Socialism collapsed by the 1990s, and over time, there has been an amalgam of different knowledge bases and attempts to recognize local disaster management practices.\n\n**Originality/value**\nThe Chokwe case shows that knowledge for disaster management evolves with local socioeconomic, political and environmental changes.","2024-09-16","M. Jonas, L. Artur, S. Eriksen, S. Movik",[739,741,743,745,747,749],{"tag":740},"Chokwe",{"tag":742},"Mozambique",{"tag":744},"Knowledge creation",{"tag":746},"Disaster management",{"tag":748},"Local knowledge",{"tag":750},"History","https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-05-2024-0131",{"type":336},{"id":754,"documentId":755,"title":756,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":757,"date":758,"authors_text":759,"tags":760,"url":773,"file":774,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":781,"theme":8,"country":8},95,"zasgra8etsg9pig5xvlizxeu","Typologies and determinants of coping responses to forage and water scarcity among livestock farmers in south-western Uganda: Does gender matter?","Context specific evidence, including understanding of gender–differentiated responses to shocks and stresses, could bolster adaptation and resilience building amongst agricultural communities, amidst a changing climate. However, information derived from such a perspective is currently deficient in livestock production literature. In this study, we use a gendered lens to assess responses of male– and female-headed livestock dependent households to drought–induced water and forage shortages in south-western Uganda. The study specifically addresses four questions: (i) What are the gender differentiated characteristics, and typologies of households involved in livestock production? (ii) How do the gender disaggregated household characteristics influence the perceived extent of effects of water and forage shortage? (iii) How do gender disaggregated household characteristics influence coping strategies to water and forage shortages? (iv) What are the gender–based roles in coping with water and forage shortages? Data were collected from livestock-dependent households using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analysed and presented using various techniques including descriptive and inferential statistics (e.g., principal components and cluster analyses, and ordered probit modelling). Results show that livestock production is persistently male-dominated, with female-headed households poorer and more likely to earn less (p \u003C 0.05) from livestock farming than their male-headed counterparts. Female heads of households were about 10 years older than their male-head counterparts, but they are more likely to be widows or single (p \u003C 0.05). Marital status and number of male employees were the most important factors for divergent views on the extent of water and forage shortage. Yet, household size and income were most important for coping with water and forage shortages. Coping with drought effects exhibited a gendered trend, and traditional gender roles in livestock management are changing. Our findings provide a basis for gender–responsive policy and practice interventions – in the changing contexts – for enhanced involvement of women in livestock production-based livelihoods.","2024-11-15","D. Mfitumukiza, R. Twongyirwe, G. Y. Mwesigwa, E. Kebirungi, V. N. Nyakato, C. Kabonesa",[761,763,765,767,769,771],{"tag":762},"Drought",{"tag":764},"Agriculture",{"tag":766},"Women",{"tag":768},"Climate change and variability",{"tag":770},"Household typologies",{"tag":772},"Gender roles","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02459",{"id":775,"url":776,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":777,"mime":28,"size":778,"name":779,"provider":31,"createdAt":780,"updatedAt":780},205,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Typologies_and_determinants_of_coping_responses_6eb2350311.pdf",{},2654.57,"Typologies and determinants of coping responses.pdf","2026-03-03T00:48:49.407Z",{"type":336},{"id":783,"documentId":784,"title":785,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":786,"date":787,"authors_text":788,"tags":789,"url":804,"file":805,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":812,"theme":8,"country":8},97,"up4mkwtriivilvudwsun147i","Conservation Practices for Climate-Driven Drought Adaptation Under Smallholder Farming Systems in Southern Mozambique: A Systematic Review","Climate-driven droughts pose major threats to rainfed farming worldwide. To address these impacts, smart agricultural approaches focusing on conservation practices (CPs) have been widely recommended by institutions such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), among others. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on CPs for climate-driven drought adaptation and the barriers to their adoption in southern Mozambique, where drought is predominant. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search across four academic databases retrieved 595 records (2000–April 2025), of which 23 were peer-reviewed studies. Data was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 365 and NVivo 15. As a result, five major CPs were identified: (i) Minimum tillage; (ii) Mulching and residue retention; (iii) Maize–legume (cowpea, groundnuts, pigeon pea, and soybeans) intercropping and crop rotation; (iv) Drought-tolerant maize varieties; and (v) indigenous practices. The systematic review has shown that minimum tillage was associated with 89–90% increase in maize and legume yields; Mulching expands maize yields by 24–59%; intercropping increases maize and legume yields by more than 30%; drought tolerant maize varieties expand yields by 26–46%; and local practices support farming continuity and contribute to resilience, although quantitative yield effects were not reported, with adoption ranging from 75–100%. These findings suggest that minimum tillage and intercropping/crop rotation are the most effective CPs in enhancing yield and resilience. Despite their potential, the adoption is generally low (average around 40%, with some as low as 7–16% for minimum tillage). Reasons for limited uptake include economic, cultural, institutional, biophysical, and technological barriers. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy approaches that combine climate-smart agriculture with indigenous knowledge in southern Mozambique.","2026-03-05","Aires Adriano Mavulula, Tesfay Araya, Luis Artur, Jone Lucas Medja Ussalu ",[790,792,794,796,798,800,802],{"tag":791},"Systematic Review",{"tag":793},"Conservation Practices",{"tag":795},"Climate-smart Agriculture",{"tag":797},"Indigenous/Traditional/Local Knowledge",{"tag":799},"Drought Adaptation",{"tag":801},"Smallholder Farmers",{"tag":803},"Southern Mozambique","https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052525",{"id":806,"url":807,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":808,"mime":28,"size":809,"name":810,"provider":31,"createdAt":811,"updatedAt":811},211,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/sustainability_18_02525_6d94b8a45a.pdf",{},1323.22,"sustainability-18-02525.pdf","2026-03-05T09:49:35.473Z",{"type":336},{"id":814,"documentId":815,"title":816,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":817,"date":818,"authors_text":819,"tags":820,"url":829,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":830,"theme":832,"country":833},227,"fzwpfps2mji5fl1dd13o31mr","A systematic review of observed climate change adaptation in developed nations","We develop and apply a systematic mixed-methods literature review methodology to identify and characterize how climate change adaptation is taking place in developed nations. We find limited evidence of adaptation action. Where interventions are being implemented and reported on, they are typically in sectors that are sensitive to climate impacts, are most common at the municipal level, facilitated by higher-level government interventions, with responses typically institutional in nature. There is negligible description of adaptation taking place with respect to vulnerable groups, with reporting unequal by region and sector. The methodology offers important insights for meta-analyses in climate change scholarship and can be used for monitoring progress in adaptation over time.","2011-03-01","James D. Ford, Lea Berrang-Ford, Jaclyn Paterson",[821,822,824,825,827],{"tag":535},{"tag":823},"Systematic Review Methodology",{"tag":481},{"tag":826},"Adaptation Action",{"tag":828},"Develop Nation","https://link.springer.com/Article/10.1007/s10584-011-0045-5#citeas",{"type":831},"Letter",{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":835,"documentId":836,"title":837,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":838,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":840,"theme":841,"country":842},257,"q3q5qptmuk9i0f1y1yulb9qy","Climate Risk Country Profile: Lesotho",[839],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":843},"Lesotho",{"id":626,"documentId":845,"title":846,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":847,"date":848,"authors_text":849,"tags":850,"url":23,"file":859,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":866,"theme":8,"country":867},"uyzcebhmnlrffrlbpwswwanj","Effectiveness of Chisapani station flood early warning system in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya","Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) are essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation, particularly in flood-prone regions like Rajapur municipality, Bardiya. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of the Chisapani Flood Early Warning System, focusing on its strengths and limitations in reducing flood risks. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study utilizes deterministic forecast verification through the UN ESCAP toolkit, alongside a survey of 200 households, 32 key informant interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the Sana Kisan women’s group to assess communication and preparedness. The system demonstrates a commendable accuracy rate of 86%; however, it faces significant challenges, including a high false alarm ratio of 56% and a detection probability of only 63%, which undermine public trust and hinder effective event identification. The primary communication strategy relies on SMS alerts, supplemented by the Barghar-Chaukidar system that uses sirens and community networks, with SMS being the preferred method for most participants. Despite reporting an average advance notice of 2-3 hours, household preparedness remains at a neutral level, indicating a considerable gap between awareness and actual readiness. This research underscores the importance of integrating modern technologies with traditional practices, enhancing community training initiatives, and maintaining accessible evacuation sites to bolster overall disaster preparedness in Rajapur. By addressing these gaps, the community can improve its resilience to flooding and ensure a more effective response to future events.","2024-11-01","Anish Khadka",[851,853,855,857],{"tag":852},"Early warning system",{"tag":854},"Preparedness and response",{"tag":856},"Communication and dissemination",{"tag":858},"Forecast verification",{"id":860,"url":861,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":862,"mime":28,"size":863,"name":864,"provider":31,"createdAt":865,"updatedAt":865},214,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Anish_Thesis_53a36e7989.pdf",{},3063.07,"Anish Thesis.pdf","2026-03-29T09:15:03.096Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},"Nepal",{"id":514,"documentId":870,"title":871,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":872,"date":873,"authors_text":874,"tags":875,"url":23,"file":882,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":889,"theme":8,"country":890},"q6z8zce9nqhtlr7kz4e7qc0w","Assessing the Status and Effectiveness of dykes in Lower Karnali River Basin, Rajapur Municipality, Bardiya, Nepal","Different flood adaptation techniques have been employed in Rajapur to prevent and control flood, but flood is still a problem there. One of the adaptation measures is the construction of dykes along the Karnali River. This study examines the status as well as effectiveness of dykes in Lower Karnali River Basin, Rajapur. Firstly, the design of the dykes is compared with some guidelines and the coordinates of areas which are in need of maintenance are collected and mapped on QGIS. Similarly, the impacts before and after the construction of dykes are compared in this study. In less than a decade of construction of dykes, it has breached in multiple locations; flooding Rajapur on several occasions. In addition, the dykes is not continuous: resulting areas without dykes vulnerable to flooding. Moreover, the breakage of dykes as well as the run off coming from Geruwa Municipality might be responsible for flooding in Rajapur almost every year. The study also found that the poor drainage system for the accumulated water on the land ward side into the river causes water logging for a long time. Similarly, spurs were also deteriorating in multiple locations and sediment deposition was high between spurs. The erosion of agricultural land and complete destruction of houses was found to be significantly lower after the construction of dykes, although prevention of flooding has not been achieved. This study suggests for more research to identify and monitor weak points on the dykes using fluid dynamics principles and hydraulic engineering software.","2023-12-01","Gaurav Neupane",[876,878,880],{"tag":877},"flood adaptation",{"tag":879},"flood in Rajapur",{"tag":881},"dykes and flood adaptation",{"id":883,"url":884,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":885,"mime":28,"size":886,"name":887,"provider":31,"createdAt":888,"updatedAt":888},216,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Gaurav_Thesis_c5defd7084.pdf",{},3152.64,"Gaurav Thesis.pdf","2026-03-29T09:25:58.693Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":892,"documentId":893,"title":894,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":895,"authors_text":194,"tags":896,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":898,"theme":899,"country":900},258,"cvfgtbhub0zmokay3e78f7jy","Climate Risk Country Profile: Liberia","2024-04-01",[897],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":901},"Liberia",{"id":903,"documentId":904,"title":905,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":906,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":907,"url":908,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":909,"theme":8,"country":8},483,"x1tcfsfg4h2mwje2hrekdkmn","Climate Responsive Budgeting","This tutorial introduces how governments can respond to the climate change challenge through better budgeting, which integrates climate change risks and opportunities into budget preparation. The tutorial takes around 30 minutes to complete.\n\nDuration: 1 hour self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: UN CC:Learn",[],"https://unccelearn.org/course/view.php?id=14&page=overview",{"type":910},"Capacity Building Opportunities",{"id":912,"documentId":913,"title":914,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":915,"date":416,"authors_text":916,"tags":917,"url":922,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":923,"theme":925,"country":8},228,"dp3m83sufor7p5ed6q6ukfrm","Accelerating finance for addressing loss and damage through the global stocktake","The global stocktake seeks to enhance climate ambition through assessment and review of collective efforts every five years. A recent breakthrough in finance for addressing loss and damage is an opportunity to strengthen the finance agenda and rebuild much needed trust in the multilateral system.","C. Watson, L. Gonzalez",[918,920],{"tag":919},"Finance",{"tag":921}," global stockchange","https://www.nature.com/Articles/s41558-023-01814-1#citeas",{"type":924},"Article",{"theme":218},{"id":927,"documentId":928,"title":929,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":930,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":932,"theme":933,"country":934},259,"zffpmkxihqs875m0w37x1ja4","Climate Risk Country Profile: Nepal",[931],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":868},{"id":936,"documentId":937,"title":938,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":939,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":941,"theme":942,"country":943},262,"yx3y1tlm9q2qvdtppgtwaen4","Climate Risk Country Profile: Tuvalu",[940],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":944},"Tuvalu",{"id":946,"documentId":947,"title":948,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":949,"date":950,"authors_text":951,"tags":952,"url":959,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":960,"theme":962,"country":963},237,"ss5msu9i5rlgx8nqijvsd8om","Climate Change Adaptation and International Development： Making Development Cooperation More Effective","In this book, the culmination of a JICA-RI research project, the authors examine climate change adaptation from the perspective of development cooperation. It is intended to provide useful lessons for those engaged in research, policy and practice in this vital area.","2010-03-01","Ryo Fujikura, Masato Kawanishi",[953,955,957],{"tag":954},"climate change measures",{"tag":956},"environmental management",{"tag":958},"developing countries","https://www.jica.go.jp/english/jica_ri/publication/booksandreports/20101101_01.html",{"type":961},"Book",{"theme":346},{"name":964},"Asia, Africa",{"id":966,"documentId":967,"title":968,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":969,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":971,"theme":972,"country":973},260,"embz3jcq19n1p9dfqhn2khzv","Climate Risk Country Profile: Solomon Islands",[970],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":974},"Solomon Islands",{"id":976,"documentId":977,"title":978,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":416,"authors_text":194,"tags":979,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":981,"theme":982,"country":983},264,"td99o408oeum1ayn8ppujp9c","Climate Risk Country Profile: Yemen ",[980],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":984},"Yemen",{"id":25,"documentId":986,"title":987,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":988,"date":950,"authors_text":989,"tags":990,"url":993,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":994,"theme":995,"country":996},"aft0dppg20l12iw0me8d34kk","A Global Conservation System for Climate-Change Adaptation","Climate change has created the need for a new strategic framework for conservation. This framework needs to include new protected areas that account for species range shifts and management that addresses large-scale change across international borders. Actions within the framework must be effective in international waters and across political frontiers and have the ability to accommodate large income and ability-to-pay discrepancies between countries. A global protected-area system responds to these needs. A fully implemented global system of protected areas will help in the transition to a new conservation paradigm robust to climate change and will ensure the integrity of the climate services provided by carbon sequestration from the world's natural habitats. The internationally coordinated response to climate change afforded by such a system could have significant cost savings relative to a system of climate adaptation that unfolds solely at a country level. Implementation of a global system is needed very soon because the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems are already well underway.","Lee Hannah",[991],{"tag":992},"climate adaptation","https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01405.x",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":998,"documentId":999,"title":1000,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1001,"date":416,"authors_text":1002,"tags":1003,"url":1010,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1011,"theme":1012,"country":8},226,"kokzsx163fst9724fwsmxoyi","A Review of the Global Climate Finance Literature","This study conducts a bibliometric analysis and literature review of studies on climate finance. Since the Paris Agreement was adopted in December 2015, the academic community has paid closer attention to this emerging topic, as witnessed by a sharp increase in the number of publications. Our review lists this field’s most influential publications, authors, and journals, based on citations. The bibliometric analysis highlights the multidisciplinary nature of climate finance research, which spans environmental science, energy, economics, and finance. The citation analysis also reveals that, despite the exponential growth in publications related to climate finance, leading journals in finance and economics have so far published only a small number of Articles in this literature. In addition, the citation analysis identifies four main themes in the knowledge domain: the financing of renewable energy; the impacts of climate change risks on the financial sector; investor preferences for green investments and the impact on corporations; and the pricing and hedging of climate change risk in financial markets.","Roy Kouwenberg, Chenglong Zheng",[1004,1006,1008],{"tag":1005},"global climate finance",{"tag":1007},"climate finance research",{"tag":1009},"bibliometric analysis","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366990746_A_Review_of_the_Global_Climate_Finance_Literature",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":1014,"documentId":1015,"title":1016,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1017,"date":1018,"authors_text":1019,"tags":1020,"url":1021,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1022,"theme":1024,"country":1025},229,"m4taf3dxt6rxxyhsd6u27ep8","Adaptation to climate change and economic growth in developing countries","Developing countries are vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, yet there is disagreement about what they should do to protect themselves from anticipated damages. In particular, it is unclear what the optimal balance is between investments in traditional productive capital (which increases output but is vulnerable to climate change), and investments in adaptive capital (which is unproductive in the absence of climate change but ‘climate-proofs’ vulnerable capital). We develop a model of investment in adaptive and productive capital stocks, and show that while it is unlikely that the optimal strategy involves no adaptation, the scale and composition of optimal investments depends on empirical context. Application of our model to sub-Saharan Africa suggests, however, that in most contingencies it will be optimal to grow the adaptive sector more rapidly than the vulnerable sector over the coming decades, although it never exceeds 1 per cent of the economy. Our sensitivity analysis goes well beyond the existing literature in evaluating the robustness of this finding.","2014-03-01","Antony Millner,  Simon Dietz",[],"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/environment-and-development-economics/Article/adaptation-to-climate-change-and-economic-growth-in-developing-countries/9DBF93B2C0535E2EF05088B2B88F6C84",{"type":1023},"Research Article",{"theme":346},{"name":1026},"Sub-Saharan Africa",{"id":1028,"documentId":1029,"title":1030,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1031,"date":416,"authors_text":1032,"tags":1033,"url":1047,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1048,"theme":1049,"country":1050},230,"jkhegsvvm98zzdz3i2u65nlv","Adaptation to climate change: A study on regional climate change adaptation policy and practice framework","Although planning and policy instruments are important for climate change adaptation, the implementation of these measures is critical for success. This paper studies different climate change adaptation strategies by analysing the measures adopted by stakeholders in charge of government policy development and implementation to minimise the impacts of climate change in the northern tropical region of Queensland, Australia. Local government organisations are responsible for taking a leading role in climate change adaptation. State and commonwealth government agencies are primarily responsible for developing climate transition policies and guidelines, as well as providing limited financial aid to help support the local government. Interviews were conducted with local government practitioners identified from different local government authorities in the study region. Although all the government bodies made some progress in developing better climate change adaptation policies, the interview participants identified that a lot more needs to be done, especially in implementation, including devising and the application of relevant action plans, economic assessments, stakeholder participations and engagement. From a local government practitioners' viewpoint, both the water sector and local economy will face the highest immediate impacts if climate change adaptation actions are not adequately implemented at local government level in the study region. There are currently no notable legal bindings to address climate change risks in the region. In addition, financial liability assessments due to climate risks and cost-share mechanisms among different levels of stakeholders and government authorities to face and prepare for climate change impacts hardly exist. Although the interview respondents recognise their high importance. As there are uncertainties in the achievements of climate change adaptation plans, from a local government practitioners’ standpoint, the local authorities should take appropriate actions to integrate adaptation and mitigation works to face and prepare for climate risks rather than focusing only on adaptation. The respondents informed that some work has been done to identify flood prone areas and a few policy documents exist that accommodate sea level rise in planning practice, but these are done in fragments with no holistic implementation, monitoring or evaluation plans put in place.","Rahul Ray Biswas, Anisur Rahman",[1034,1036,1038,1039,1041,1043,1045],{"tag":1035},"Climate change",{"tag":1037},"Adaptation policy",{"tag":642},{"tag":1040},"Climate risks",{"tag":1042},"Literature review",{"tag":1044},"Local government",{"tag":1046},"Interview","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S0301479723004541",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":1051},"Australia",{"id":1053,"documentId":1054,"title":1055,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1056,"date":950,"authors_text":1057,"tags":1058,"url":1062,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1063,"theme":1065,"country":1066},231,"b21l3u69awexuunptcw1cecf","Adapting to Climate Change: Introduction for Canadian Municipalities","This book is an update and expansion of the document published in 2006 by the Canadian Climate Impacts and Adaptation Research Network (Mehdi, 2006) under the same title. It provides municipal decision-makers and staff with information to help them understand the need for climate change adaptation and how to put adaptation measures in place. The book also refers to other guides that can help municipalities identify and address risks and opportunities, and to case studies that illustrate how municipalities of varying sizes from across the country are taking action now.","Gregory R.A. Richardson",[1059,1060],{"tag":437},{"tag":1061},"Canada","https://natural-resources.canada.ca/sites/nrcan/files/earthsciences/pdf/mun/pdf/mun_e.pdf",{"type":1064},"Booklet",{"theme":346},{"name":1061},{"id":1068,"documentId":1069,"title":1070,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1071,"date":1072,"authors_text":1073,"tags":1074,"url":1078,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1079,"theme":1080,"country":1081},232,"hslahqjgcsewvbz2xd2iko55","Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance","Adapting to climate change is a critical problem facing humanity. This involves reconsidering our lifestyles, and is linked to our actions as individuals, societies and governments. This book presents top science and social science research on whether the world can adapt to climate change. Written by experts, both academics and practitioners, it examines the risks to ecosystems, demonstrating how values, culture and the constraining forces of governance act as barriers to action. As a review of science and a holistic assessment of adaptation options, it is essential reading for those concerned with responses to climate change, especially researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and graduate students. Significant features include historical, contemporary, and future insights into adaptation to climate change; coverage of adaptation issues from different perspectives: climate science, hydrology, engineering, ecology, economics, human geography, anthropology and political science; and contributions from leading researchers and practitioners from around the world.","2009-03-01"," W. Neil Adger, Irene Lorenzoni, Karen L. O'Brien",[1075,1076],{"tag":437},{"tag":1077},"environment","https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/adapting-to-climate-change/AB6F64BEE6F6E0C2ECBF8B99073DC8E8#fndtn-information",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":1083,"documentId":1084,"title":1085,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1086,"date":193,"authors_text":1087,"tags":1088,"url":1103,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1104,"theme":1105,"country":1106},233,"mpox1vnuat63ectl0szff06p","African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation","This open access book discusses current thinking and presents the main issues and challenges associated with climate change in Africa. It introduces evidences from studies and projects which show how climate change adaptation is being - and may continue to be successfully implemented in African countries. Thanks to its scope and wide range of themes surrounding climate change, the ambition is that this book will be a lead publication on the topic, which may be regularly updated and hence capture further works. Climate change is a major global challenge. However, some geographical regions are more severly affected than others. One of these regions is the African continent. Due to a combination of unfavourable socio-economic and meteorological conditions, African countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. The recently released IPCC special report \"Global Warming of 1.5º C\" outlines the fact that keeping global warming by the level of 1.5º C is possible, but also suggested that an increase by 2º C could lead to crises with crops (agriculture fed by rain could drop by 50% in some African countries by 2020) and livestock production, could damage water supplies and pose an additonal threat to coastal areas. The 5th Assessment Report produced by IPCC predicts that wheat may disappear from Africa by 2080, and that maize— a staple—will fall significantly in southern Africa. Also, arid and semi-arid lands are likely to increase by up to 8%, with severe ramifications for livelihoods, poverty eradication and meeting the SDGs. Pursuing appropriate adaptation strategies is thus vital, in order to address the current and future challenges posed by a changing climate. It is against this background that the \"African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation\" is being published. It contains papers prepared by scholars, representatives from social movements, practitioners and members of governmental agencies, undertaking research and/or executing climate change projects in Africa, and working with communities across the African continent. Encompassing over 100 contribtions from across Africa, it is the most comprehensive publication on climate change adaptation in Africa ever produced.","Nicholas Oguge, Desalegn Ayal, Lydia Adeleke, Izael da Silva",[1089,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102],{"tag":535},{"tag":1091},"Sustainability",{"tag":1093},"Sustainability Management",{"tag":1095},"Environmental and Sustainability Education",{"tag":1097},"Sustainable Development",{"tag":1099},"Environmental Sciences",{"tag":1101},"Environmental Social Sciences",{"tag":642},"https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49528",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":694},{"id":1108,"documentId":1109,"title":262,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":263,"date":1110,"authors_text":265,"tags":1111,"url":1113,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1114,"theme":1115,"country":1116},234,"t3nfy0h011mn6mmbmh01t4op","2015-06-01",[1112],{"tag":268},"https://link.springer.com/Article/10.1007/s10784-015-9288-3",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1118,"documentId":1119,"title":1120,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1121,"date":342,"authors_text":1122,"tags":1123,"url":1135,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1136,"theme":1138,"country":1139},235,"rdhr9rfl62egy4rqb7gfpn3b","Bangladesh I: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries","An initial overview of the climate change impacts on key sectors, mitigation and adaptation strategies in Bangladesh","Md. Nazrul Islam, André van Amstel",[1124,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133],{"tag":481},{"tag":1126},"Climate change management",{"tag":1128},"Climate Change Hazards, Climate Change in Bangladesh",{"tag":1130},"Climate Change Impacts",{"tag":1132},"Climate Change in Developing Countries",{"tag":1134},"Wetlands in Bangladesh","https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-26357-1#publish-with-us",{"type":1137},"book chapter",{"theme":346},{"name":20},{"id":1141,"documentId":1142,"title":1143,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1144,"date":818,"authors_text":1145,"tags":1146,"url":1147,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1148,"theme":1150,"country":8},236,"xm4tpuonq5xwb8vbvhpo2pjy","Blending Climate Finance Through National Climate Funds","This guidebook is part of a series of manuals, guidebooks and toolkits that draws upon the experience and information generated by the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) support for climate change adaptation and mitigation projects in some 140 countries over the past decade. These resources are intended to enable project managers, UNDP Country O!ces and developing country government decision-makers to acquaint themselves with a variety of methodologies most appropriate to their development contexts in support of their transition to green, low-emission and climateresilient development. In a $exible and non-prescriptive manner, the reports o#er detailed guidance for the identi\"cation of key stakeholders and establishment of participatory planning and coordination frameworks; generation of climate change pro\"les and vulnerability scenarios; identi\"cation and prioritization of mitigation and adaptation options; assessment of \"nancing requirements; and development of green low-emission and climate-resilient roadmaps for project development, policy instruments and \"nancial $ows. They can be accessed at www.undp.org/energyandenvironment/climatestrategies. This publication focuses on the design and establishment of National Climate Funds to support countries to collect, coordinate, blend and account for climate \"nance","Cassie Flynn",[],"https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/Blending_Climate_Finance_Through_National_Climate_Funds.pdf",{"type":1149},"Guide book / Toolkit",{"theme":218},{"id":1152,"documentId":1153,"title":1154,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1155,"date":1156,"authors_text":1157,"tags":1158,"url":1161,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1162,"theme":1163,"country":1164},239,"jp85mwobfyys419cslu1rcw6","Climate Change Adaptation: An Earth Institute Sustainability Primer","This book offers a concise overview of climate adaptation governance. In clear, accessible language, Lisa Dale describes key strategies that governments, communities, and the private sector are now deploying. She presents the theory and practice that underlie climate adaptation efforts at local and global scales, providing illuminating case studies that foreground the problems facing developing countries. Dale analyzes the effectiveness of a range of policy interventions, drawing out principles of good governance and discussing how practitioners can navigate complex tradeoffs. She emphasizes equity and inclusion, considering how climate adaptation policy can account for the needs of historically disadvantaged groups. Written for a wide audience, this book is an invaluable introduction for all readers interested in how societies can meet the challenges of an altered climate.","2022-03-01","Lisa Dale",[1159],{"tag":1160},"climate change adaptation, ","https://cup.columbia.edu/book/climate-change-adaptation/9780231199179",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":1166,"documentId":1167,"title":1168,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1169,"date":416,"authors_text":1170,"tags":1171,"url":1174,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1175,"theme":1176,"country":8},240,"ubmq4hqy32a3hgtf7dbtl2zd","Climate Change and Climate Finance: Current Experience and Future Directions","It assesses the issue of climate justice, considers the impact of “greenwashing,” and looks at ways investors can evaluate ESG considerations. It outlines the corporate and economic risks of climate change alongside the response from central banks. It shows that policy guidance, increased transparency, and information sharing is central for the private sector to make progress towards tackling climate change while protecting its business interests.","Searat Ali, Serena Alim, John Bai, Suman Banerjee, Millicent Chang, Yongquiang Chu, Rebel Cole, Guanming He, Mark Humphrey-Jenner",[1172,1173],{"tag":437},{"tag":375},"https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/908751/climate-change-climate-finance-experience-directions.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1178,"documentId":1179,"title":272,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1180,"date":1181,"authors_text":1182,"tags":1183,"url":1185,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1186,"theme":1188,"country":1189},241,"qlfremoh76zgt8okh109xh1d","We estimate the supply side effect of climate change on firm sales by exploiting variation in local temperature across suppliers of the same client. We find that suppliers experiencing a 1 °C increase in average daily temperature decrease their sales by 2%. In addition, extreme hot and cold weather events lead to larger drops in sales. The effect is more pronounced among suppliers in manufacturing and heat-sensitive industries, which is consistent with lower labor productivity and labor supply when temperatures are higher. Financially constrained suppliers are more affected due to their lack of financial flexibility to adapt to changes in temperatures.","2026-01-06","Miguel A. Ferreira",[1184],{"tag":375},"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99468-6_7",{"type":1187},"Book Chapter",{"theme":218},{"name":1190},"UK",{"id":1192,"documentId":1193,"title":1194,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1195,"date":416,"authors_text":1196,"tags":1197,"url":1201,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1202,"theme":1203,"country":8},243,"mbymd78u23uherhbb95cmgt2","Climate Finance Landscape of Asia and the Pacific","This report assesses climate finance in Asia and the Pacific and analyzes how it can be harnessed by developing member countries to expand climate action and spur low-carbon, resilient growth.","Asian Development Bank Team",[1198,1199],{"tag":375},{"tag":1200},"asia","https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/901611/climate-finance-landscape-asia-pacific.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1205,"documentId":1206,"title":1207,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1208,"date":193,"authors_text":1209,"tags":1210,"url":1211,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1212,"theme":1213,"country":8},244,"bwmtbmf6lp5555aifjvotu5w","Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries: Aggregate Trends Updated with 2019 Data","This report presents aggregate trends of annual climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries for the period 2013-19. The trends are presented by finance source, climate theme and sector, geography, and financial instrument. As this report is intended as a short technical update to the previously published 2013-18 figures, the information provided remains at an aggregate level. An expanded and disaggregated analysis will be conducted in 2022 for climate finance in 2019 and 2020, once data for 2020 is available.","OECD Team",[],"https://www.oecd.org/env/climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by-developed-countries-aggregate-trends-updated-with-2019-data-03590fb7-en.htm",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1215,"documentId":1216,"title":1217,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1218,"date":1219,"authors_text":1220,"tags":1221,"url":1227,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1228,"theme":1229,"country":8},246,"u9ailiv1r5r0yjhe4x3gd2zp","Climate Finance, Carbon Market Mechanisms and Finance “Blending” as Instruments to Support NDC Achievement under the Paris Agreement","This paper considers the impacts of \"finance blending\" whereby climate finance is added to international carbon markets for offset trading. The paper first discusses climate finance and the carbon market as free-standing finance solutions by high-income countries to increase mitigation in low-income countries. Climate finance solutions have advantages for high-income countries due to their greater flexibility and general efficiency. A favorable aspect of well-functioning offset markets is that all participating countries face a similar and robust carbon price. With finance blending and \"all attribution to the carbon market,\" the market equilibrium is inefficient, as mitigation is excessive in low-income countries and too low in high-income countries. Instead, mitigation outcomes in the offset market should be attributed to the two finance types in proportion to their finance shares provided to the low-income countries through this market. When climate finance is added to the carbon market, the ambition level for emissions reductions for donor countries should be raised equivalently; otherwise, the added climate finance leads to no increase in global mitigation. When low-income country market participants have limited access to credit markets, climate finance can increase mitigation by supplying the capital required to implement efficient mitigation projects.","2019-03-01","Jon Strand",[1222,1224,1226],{"tag":1223},"carbon market",{"tag":1225},"global economic development",{"tag":375},"https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/536271561468762308/pdf/Climate-Finance-Carbon-Market-Mechanisms-and-Finance-Blending-as-Instruments-to-Support-NDC-Achievement-under-the-Paris-Agreement.pdf",{"type":238},{"theme":218},{"id":1231,"documentId":1232,"title":1233,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1234,"date":1235,"authors_text":1236,"tags":1237,"url":1251,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1252,"theme":1253,"country":8},247,"ajoq44wz3vhn22j8i1o6rp9k","Climate Finance: A Systematic Literature Review","Climate finance has a significant role in sustainable economy. in this systematic review, eighty Journal Publicationss related to climate finance of the last two decades (1999–2019) had been reviewed from the sources of Web of Science and Scopus. This review had selectively categorised the existing literature on climate finance into three broad issues, that is, donor-related issues, and recipient related issues and common issues. The study had identified eight sub-issues (accounting issues, political issues, governance issues, allocation issues, bias issues, issues related to the burden of climate finance, recipient issues, and financial management issues) in connection with major issues in climate finance. This study concluded that many of the issues were unresolved and identified the under-researched areas like accounting challenges, donor domination, gender issues, human rights, and weakness of local institutions and allocation model issues as the futuristic areas of research in relation with climate finance issues.","2020-03-01","Rama Jayaram, Sanjeet Singh",[1238,1240,1242,1244,1245,1247,1249],{"tag":1239},"sustainable economy",{"tag":1241},"climate fund",{"tag":1243},"sustainable finance",{"tag":375},{"tag":1246},"adaptation finance",{"tag":1248},"mitigation finance",{"tag":1250},"allocation issues","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343270578_Climate_Finance_A_Systematic_Literature_Review",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":1255,"documentId":1256,"title":1257,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1258,"date":1259,"authors_text":1260,"tags":1261,"url":1273,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1274,"theme":1275,"country":1276},248,"z4twx0u3y379tdjj181tcqlg","Climate Finance: Key Issues","The chapter describes what climate finance is, how it over the past ten years has increased in importance both within climate negotiations and in the implementation of climate policies, and the key issues of contestation in this regard. The chapter includes an outline of the cognitive debate regarding what kinds of financial flows can be defined as climate finance, followed by a discussion of the key normative issues of contestation in climate finance discussions. The following section focuses on equity versus efficiency regarding the generation and allocation of climate finance. Finally, the most important groups of actors (beyond the G20, the OECD and the IMF) and their roles in climate finance are discussed.","2021-06-01","Jakob Skovgaard",[1262,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271],{"tag":375},{"tag":1264},"efficiency",{"tag":1266},"mitigation",{"tag":1268},"adaptation",{"tag":1270},"equity",{"tag":1272},"UNFCCC","https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/economisation-of-climate-change/climate-finance/847FAF4F8E592BE5967B936979E4BC88",{"type":1187},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1278,"documentId":1279,"title":1280,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1281,"date":1282,"authors_text":1283,"tags":1284,"url":1286,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1287,"theme":1288,"country":1289},249,"cym46nq7kszsu2lrs17txzs5","Climate Finance: Theory and Practice (World Scientific the Economics of Climate Change)","How is the struggle against climate change financed? Climate Finance: Theory and Practice gives an overview of the key debates that have emerged in the field of climate finance, including those concerned with efficiency, equity, justice, and contribution to the public good between developed and developing countries. With the collaboration of internationally renowned experts in the field of climate finance, the authors of this book highlight the importance of climate finance, showing the theoretical aspects that influence it, and some practices that are currently being implemented or have been proposed to finance mitigation and adaptation policies in the developed and developing world.","2017-03-01","Anil Markandya, Ibon Galarraga, Dirk Rübbelke",[1285],{"tag":375},"https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9433#t=aboutBook",{"type":961},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1291,"documentId":1292,"title":1293,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":1294,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1296,"theme":1297,"country":1298},250,"c204k4eem3w2g02bk4vdr5zp","Climate Risk Country Profile: Afghanistan",[1295],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":1299},"Afghanistan",{"id":1301,"documentId":1302,"title":1303,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":1304,"authors_text":194,"tags":1305,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1307,"theme":1308,"country":8},251,"kklb3ey4qybdxmm8gir1kgvh","Climate Risk Country Profile: Bangladesh","2024-03-01",[1306],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"id":1310,"documentId":1311,"title":1312,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":1304,"authors_text":194,"tags":1313,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1315,"theme":1316,"country":1317},252,"dzh67jfsd0esbsuebbkoq7av","Climate Risk Country Profile: Cambodia",[1314],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":1318},"Cambodia",{"id":1320,"documentId":1321,"title":1322,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":416,"authors_text":194,"tags":1323,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1325,"theme":1326,"country":1327},253,"fgyyga9l89kujjpwtvpkp8ts","Climate Risk Country Profile: Djibouti",[1324],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":1328},"Djibouti",{"id":1330,"documentId":1331,"title":1332,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":1333,"authors_text":194,"tags":1334,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1336,"theme":1337,"country":1338},254,"k298hdq3abijps18fonmz51n","Climate Risk Country Profile: Ethiopia","2021-04-01",[1335],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":1339},"Ethiopia",{"id":1341,"documentId":1342,"title":1343,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":1344,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1346,"theme":1347,"country":1348},255,"wbssax2dmkob5u9zlhgumrna","Climate Risk Country Profile: Kiribati",[1345],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":1349},"Kiribati",{"id":1351,"documentId":1352,"title":1353,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":192,"date":193,"authors_text":194,"tags":1354,"url":198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1356,"theme":1357,"country":1358},256,"jpet6agleq8hnlkaqou8pkdj","Climate Risk Country Profile: Lao PDR",[1355],{"tag":197},{"type":200},{"theme":197},{"name":1359},"Lao PDR",{"id":1361,"documentId":1362,"title":1363,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1364,"date":1235,"authors_text":1365,"tags":1366,"url":1374,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1375,"theme":1376,"country":1377},265,"inph4ewh7m6kbir3wo0fgx1p","Climate change adaptation costs in developing countries: insights from existing estimates","Given limited scientific agreement on approaches and methodologies, estimates of climate-change adaptation costs vary widely. Here, we present a meta-analysis of aggregate adaptation costs in developing countries, across three roughly homogeneous groups of estimates, i.e. national plan-based, bottom-up science-based, and global top-down estimates. We show that the level of global warming, a country's economic status, and methodology applied, are the main determinants for the estimated costs of adaptation. Not surprisingly, adaptation costs are much higher at high levels of global warming by 2050 and 2100, diverging from low levels of warming from the 2030s. Consequently, strong global mitigation action could reduce the adaptation costs by three quarters by 2100. Next, adaptation costs are higher for high-income countries in absolute dollar value, but costs are higher relative to gross domestic product for low-income countries. The integrated assessment model based estimates are at the higher end of the range at the global scale, but the estimates based on the sectoral impacts aggregation approach are higher in case of bottom-up estimates. Regardless of the methodology applied, current climate finance pledges of USD100 billion by 2020 - for both mitigation and adaptation - would fall far short of estimated global adaptation costs.","Florent Baarsch, Michiel Schaeffer & Sara D'haen",[1367,1369,1371,1372],{"tag":1368},"climate change adaptation costs",{"tag":1370},"future projection",{"tag":958},{"tag":1373},"meta-analysis","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17565529.2020.1711698",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":1379,"documentId":1380,"title":1381,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1382,"date":1156,"authors_text":1383,"tags":1384,"url":1394,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1395,"theme":1396,"country":1397},266,"y3x2l2wmfid50kak9oo6rrpk","Climate change adaptation in Bangladesh: Current practices, challenges and the way forward","Geographical location and socioeconomic dynamics have increased the vulnerabilities of the people of Bangladesh to the impacts of climate change. Effective adaptation practices would reduce the adverse effects on livelihood, health, agriculture, and the environment- particularly in the coastal areas. To cope with climate change impacts, diverse scientific and indigenous knowledge is being utilized. Nevertheless, various barriers are hindering sustainable adaptation. This review focuses on identifying the existing and likely adaptation strategies as well as the barriers to coping with the impacts of climate change in Bangladesh. Due to the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters, many people are being displaced towards urban settings, where natural and man-made challenges are hampering sustainable adaptation. A lack of in-depth knowledge about the vulnerabilities, overlooking the needs of local communities, and inadequate integration of policies and programs have also been identified as challenges to climate change adaptation.","Md. Arif Chowdhury, Md. Khalid Hasan, Syed Labib Ul Islam",[1385,1387,1388,1390,1392],{"tag":1386},"Adaptation Bangladesh",{"tag":1035},{"tag":1389},"Barriers",{"tag":1391},"Migration",{"tag":1393},"Health","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S266727822100105X",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":20},{"id":1399,"documentId":1400,"title":1401,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1402,"date":950,"authors_text":1403,"tags":1404,"url":1407,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1408,"theme":8,"country":8},267,"wsyj2lv1yjrb39zbokfabqfq","Climate change adaptation in developing countries: issues and perspectives for economic analysis","This paper is intended to provide some guidance to the policy-oriented researchers’ work on valuing climate change adaptation in developing countries. The paper is not intended to be exhaustive, merely to indicate some issues that it may be useful to consider when designing studies to value the impacts of climate change in practice in developing countries. Practitioners are well advised to consider also the huge existing literature on climate change adaptation and on valuation.","Muyeye Chambwera, Jesper Stage",[1405,1406],{"tag":346},{"tag":958},"https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/15517IIED.pdf",{"type":1409},"Research Paper",{"id":1411,"documentId":1412,"title":1413,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1414,"date":1219,"authors_text":1415,"tags":1416,"url":1424,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1425,"theme":1426,"country":1427},269,"vzp7pe4kobitw0u5l85p883c","Climate finance and green growth: reconsidering climate-related institutions, investments, and priorities in Nepal","Nepal, a least-developed, mountainous, and land-locked country is consistently ranked as one of the most vulnerable countries to the climate change. Poor socioeconomic development, rough and highly unstable geography, inadequate institutional capacity to deal with research, development and policy and mostly underdeveloped infrastructures, all have contributed to increasing vulnerability of communities and ecosystems, and have limited their adaptive capacity. Over the past decade, Nepal has made significant progress, particularly in developing and implementing policies and frameworks and establishing institutional mechanisms with the support of donor countries, UN and multilateral agencies. As the global climate politics is getting more complicated, international financing patterns—both climate and development finance—are shifting their ways, forcing the countries like Nepal to diversify the funding base for climate change actions and integrate them within national development plans and strategies. Using the data and information currently available, we analyze the existing financing situations, discuss the future scenarios and suggest policy recommendations to develop a set of long-term adaptation and impact mitigation strategies in specific and environmental change at large. When short-term adaptation strategies funded from existing financial arrangements and other related bilateral and multilateral sources particularly European countries, seem to be encouraging, we stress the need of “public–private partnership-driven full-fledged green economy” focusing on renewable energy and transport, agriculture and forestry, water and water-induced disasters, as well as tourism and hospitality.","Tek Jung Mahat, Luděk Bláha, Batu Uprety, Michal Bittner",[1417,1418,1420,1422],{"tag":1005},{"tag":1419},"future climate investments",{"tag":1421},"climate finance in Nepal",{"tag":1423},"green economy","https://enveurope.springeropen.com/Articles/10.1186/s12302-019-0222-0#citeas",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":868},{"id":1429,"documentId":1430,"title":1431,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1432,"date":1304,"authors_text":1433,"tags":1434,"url":1439,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1440,"theme":1441,"country":1442},270,"ux5i6i9vsg9faeiotc89hswd","Climate stress testing in the financial industry","Climate-related risks for the financial sector have been discussed since the then-Governor of the Bank of England mentioned these risks as the tragedy of the horizon. Shortly after, research about stress-testing the impact of climate change on the financial sector was published. They use various methods that address the climate-related Value-at Risk and other financial risks. We conducted a systematic literature analysis in Scopus and analyzed the data using VOSViewer. In addition, we analyzed the most cited papers in detail. Our analyses found that stress testing, as a sustainable finance risk management tool to address financial stability, connects climate change with financial risks. Different stress-testing approaches found significant climate-related financial impacts on equity and loan portfolios. We conclude that research is needed to guarantee reliable, valid, and standardized climate-related stress testing.","Olaf Weber",[1435,1437],{"tag":1436},"climate risk",{"tag":1438},"financial sector","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S1877343523001483",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1444,"documentId":1445,"title":1446,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1447,"date":416,"authors_text":1448,"tags":1449,"url":1452,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1453,"theme":1454,"country":1455},271,"qyqajl3akolcr4b06ycb0e7d","Climate-related financial risks: exploring the known and charting the future","The global financial landscape is currently undergoing a transformation in policy priorities as a result of climate change and environmental challenges. This paper presents findings from a systematic review of the literature that examines the current state of knowledge regarding climate-related financial risks. Four main research areas are identified that vary in terms of development and interconnectedness. In scoping out knowledge gaps requiring further research, this review explores areas of opportunity and provides suggestions for future endeavors.","Rosella Carè",[1450],{"tag":1451},"financial risks","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S187734352300132X",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1457,"documentId":1458,"title":1459,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1460,"date":1461,"authors_text":1462,"tags":1463,"url":1469,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1470,"theme":1471,"country":1472},272,"sd5t2yp7yd3y3zya8hla8opc","Development based climate change adaptation and mitigation—conceptual issues and lessons learned in studies in developing countries","This paper discusses the conceptual basis for linking development policies and climate change adaptation and mitigation and suggests an analytical approach that can be applied to studies in developing countries. The approach is centred on a broad set of policy evaluation criteria that merge traditional economic and sectoral goals and broader social issues related to health and income distribution. The approach is inspired by institutional economics and development paradigms that emphasise human wellbeing, resource access, empowerment, and the arrived freedoms. It is outlined how indicators of wellbeing can be used to assess policies that integrate development and climate change policy objectives, and this approach is discussed in comparison with other work that rather have been inspired by sustainable development aspects of manmade, natural, and social capital. The experiences and results from case studies of development and climate that have done a first attempt to use human wellbeing indicators are reported and discussed. The studies include work from India, China, South Africa, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Senegal. A number of policy examples in the energy-, food-, and water sectors in these studies have shown up to demonstrate numerous linkages between development policies and climate change. Various analytical tools have been used in the studies including quantitative and qualitative scenario work as well as detailed micro-based analysis. The methodological conclusion that can be drawn from these studies, is that it is possible to apply wellbeing indicators to the more detailed policy assessment, but a link to more general national and regional scenario work is not yet established.","2007-03-01","Kirsten Halsnæs,  Jan Verhagen ",[1464,1465,1467],{"tag":346},{"tag":1466},"Development and climate change linkages",{"tag":1468},"development policies","https://link.springer.com/Article/10.1007/s11027-007-9093-6#citeas",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":1474,"documentId":1475,"title":1476,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1477,"date":416,"authors_text":1478,"tags":1479,"url":1487,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1488,"theme":1490,"country":1491},273,"u14d3t898lhanm9ydzlnlria","Effective climate adaptation must be imaginative and inclusive","The lived experiences of the full diversity of people facing climate change must be taken into account for climate adaptation to be effective and to avoid maladaptation.","communications earth & environment ",[1480,1481,1483,1485],{"tag":1035},{"tag":1482},"sustainability",{"tag":1484},"Climate-change adaptation",{"tag":1486},"Climate-change policy","https://www.nature.com/Articles/s43247-023-01150-4",{"type":1489},"Web Article",{"theme":346},{"name":1061},{"id":1493,"documentId":1494,"title":1495,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1496,"date":416,"authors_text":1497,"tags":1498,"url":1503,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1504,"theme":1505,"country":1506},275,"hhirtott1by8dkur9rgp4r12","Financing negative emissions leads to windfall profits and inequality at net zero","Funding large-scale negative emissions through a carbon market designed for traditional emission reduction strategies risks exacerbating long-term economic inequality. We suggest exploring alternative financing mechanisms that address this concern and that still ensure decarbonization at reasonable costs.","Pietro Andreoni, Johannes Emmerling, Massimo Tavoni ",[1499,1501],{"tag":1500},"financial mechanism",{"tag":1502},"decarbonization","https://www.nature.com/Articles/s41558-023-01871-6",{"type":88},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1508,"documentId":1509,"title":1510,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1511,"date":416,"authors_text":1512,"tags":1513,"url":1514,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1515,"theme":8,"country":8},276,"aruc1fnvf1wovio135qc3j51","GCF Strategic Plan 2024-2027 overview","This overview provides a brief synopsis of GCF’s Strategic Plan.  For more details about the Strategic Plan","GCF Team",[],"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/gcf-strategic-plan-2024-2027-overview-brochure_0.pdf",{"type":1516},"Strategy report",{"id":1518,"documentId":1519,"title":1520,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1521,"date":416,"authors_text":1512,"tags":1522,"url":1526,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1527,"theme":1528,"country":8},277,"qny9t7oh7cv9p7x179ta2xcs","GCF: Catalysing finance for climate solutions","The window to address the climate crisis is rapidly shrinking. Floods, droughts, heatwaves, extreme storms, and wildfires are breaking records with alarming frequency around the world. Failure to limit global warming to the Paris Agreement targets will result in even more devastating consequences for people and planet, with vulnerable populations suffering the most. Ambitious action is urgently needed both to reduce emissions and to adapt to the changing climate in developing countries. ",[1523,1525],{"tag":1524},"climate solutions",{"tag":375},"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/20231129-catalysing-finance-climate-solutions-web.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1530,"documentId":1531,"title":1532,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1533,"date":1156,"authors_text":1534,"tags":1535,"url":1538,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1539,"theme":1540,"country":1541},278,"kzyirbz8ztm0qh5ht174do8w","Handbook of International Climate Finance","The concept of international climate finance channelled from developed to developing countries through public interventions for mitigation and adaptation has been developed over the last decade, but its roots date back to the early 1990s. Despite the high relevance of the topic in the international climate negotiations, illustrated by the (missed) target to mobilise USD 100 billion by 2020, there is no book that provides an overview accessible to academics and practitioners alike.","Axel Michaelowa, Anne-Kathrin Sacherer",[1536,1537],{"tag":375},{"tag":1223},"https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-international-climate-finance-9781784715649.html",{"type":961},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1543,"documentId":1544,"title":1545,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1546,"date":1547,"authors_text":1548,"tags":1549,"url":1553,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1554,"theme":1555,"country":1556},279,"uzyf0ebpchw85yrmdi60ohf3","Handle with care: Challenges in company-level emissions data for assessing financial risks from climate change","Climate data play an important role for market actors and regulators to assess climate-related vulnerability. The most important quantitative class of such data are carbon emissions as almost all metrics to analyse carbon exposure relate to carbon emissions of companies and countries. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the quality of carbon emission data, points out the most common data flaws, and offers suggestions for a robust empirical analysis. Using a large data set of company-level carbon emissions, we show that year-by-year analysis of the consistency of company emissions is required to identify data flaws. Also, we find that economic and carbon data are not perfectly synchronised. As all carbon-emission metrics suffer from similar data inconsistencies robustness of results is not achieved by using several such metrics. Thus, our findings serve as a warning for the reliability of emission data reporting and their unreflected use in empirical analyses.","2023-03-08","Andrej Bajic, Rüdiger Kiesel, Martin Hellmich",[1550,1552],{"tag":1551},"carbon emission",{"tag":375},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S2949728023000135",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1558,"documentId":1559,"title":1560,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1561,"date":416,"authors_text":1562,"tags":1563,"url":1564,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1565,"theme":1567,"country":8},280,"p7undx8vynupug6r4arh3ugg","How Blended Finance Can Support Climate Transition in Emerging and Developing Economies","Innovative instruments and equity finance are needed to enhance risk-sharing through public-private partnerships and maximize the impact of scarce public funds","Bo Li, Fabio Natalucci, Prasad Ananthakrishnan",[],"https://meetings.imf.org/en/IMF/Home/Blogs/Articles/2022/11/15/how-blended-finance-can-support-climate-transition-in-emerging-and-developing-economies",{"type":1566},"Blog Article",{"theme":218},{"id":1569,"documentId":1570,"title":1571,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1572,"date":1573,"authors_text":1574,"tags":1575,"url":1580,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1581,"theme":1582,"country":8},281,"few19t1h0tccidgid10n3xvl","How much finance is in climate finance? A bibliometric review, critiques, and future research directions","This study describes and analyses the research hotspots and evolution trends in climate finance research. Seven literature clusters that elucidate how different perspectives constitute the research landscape in climate finance and two main research hotspots that form the climate finance domain are identified. The empirical results also show that the research priorities of climate finance are still less “finance-based”. In the future, finance scholars should pay more attention to the financial dimension of climate finance. Finally, the research gaps within the existing climate finance literature are identified, and 35 research questions for future research are proposed.","2023-06-01","R. Care, O. Weber",[1576,1577,1579],{"tag":375},{"tag":1578},"co-word analysis",{"tag":1009},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S0275531923000120",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":1584,"documentId":1585,"title":1586,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1587,"date":1072,"authors_text":1588,"tags":1589,"url":1591,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1592,"theme":1594,"country":1595},282,"h3g2axawkgbpzmchd0l1xzvg","Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation","This policy guidance is intended to provide policy makers and practitioners in development co-operation agencies with information and advice on how to mainstream climate change into development. It is a joint endeavour by the OECD’s Environment Policy Committee (EPOC) and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in response to the 2006 OECD Declaration on Integrating Climate Adaptation into Development Co-operation, which commits OECD members to “work to better integrate climate change adaptation in development planning and assistance, both with their own governments and in activities undertaken with partner countries.”","OECD",[1590],{"tag":992},"https://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/44887764.pdf",{"type":1593},"Policy guidance",{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":1597,"documentId":1598,"title":1599,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1600,"date":416,"authors_text":1601,"tags":1602,"url":1608,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1609,"theme":1610,"country":8},283,"cijj6g16zyncqufccamzqb63","Making blended finance work for nature-based solutions","This paper provides an overview of various financial instruments available for climate action and nature conservation, focusing on the innovative approaches taken by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and its partners to catalyze finance at scale. This paper discusses five categories of instruments to catalyze finance for nature-based solutions and how instruments can be combined for maximum impact, such as blended finance mechanisms. It also aims to share the experiences of GCF and its partners in designing examples of these and other blended finance mechanisms through three approaches: complementarity, sequencing and partnerships.","Yannick Glemarec, Benjamin Singer, Verónica Gálmez Márquez, Robert Hofstede",[1603,1605,1606],{"tag":1604},"Climate action",{"tag":375},{"tag":1607},"nature based solution","https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/making-blended-finance-work-nature-based-solutions.pdf",{"type":238},{"theme":218},{"id":1612,"documentId":1613,"title":1614,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1615,"date":1235,"authors_text":1616,"tags":1617,"url":1628,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1629,"theme":1630,"country":1631},284,"y1tiryt0g9ad0h9iotye2p60","Mobilising private climate finance for sustainable energy access and climate change mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa","Ensuring access to sustainable energy is equally relevant for both sustainable development and climate change mitigation. Mobilising private finance in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries will, in turn, be of crucial importance for achieving both Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 – which calls for universal energy access – and climate change mitigation goals defined under the Paris Agreement. In this paper, we assess how UNFCCC-backed climate finance instruments have engaged private investment for energy-focused climate mitigation in SSA. Based on this assessment, we develop recommendations for public climate finance institutions. Our work builds on documentary and database analysis and interviews, as well as participatory methodologies applied at a stakeholder workshop conducted in Kampala, Uganda, in 2018. Three case studies from Ethiopia, Madagascar and South Africa illustrate how climate finance interacts with domestic policy instruments, including in relation to the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism, South Africa’s domestic renewable energy auctions, and the Green Climate Fund. The paper finds that there is no ‘catch all’ success model and approaches need to be tailored to local circumstances.","Alex Michaelowa, Stephen Hoch, Anne-Katherine Weber, Ruth Kassaye, Tesfaye Hailu",[1618,1620,1622,1623,1625,1627],{"tag":1619}," Energy access",{"tag":1621},"Nationally Determined Contributions",{"tag":1026},{"tag":1624},"private actors",{"tag":1626},"renewable energy",{"tag":375},"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14693062.2020.1796568",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":1026},{"id":1633,"documentId":1634,"title":1635,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1636,"date":1219,"authors_text":1637,"tags":1638,"url":1642,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1643,"theme":1645,"country":1646},286,"lyjtekphk06nz5sfkycv8xyz","Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation","Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) — a subset of nature-based approaches to help people adapt to climate change — is an increasingly popular strategy. Evidence from 13 initiatives in 12 countries shows that EbA can provide important, wide-reaching and long-term benefits relating to adaptation, the environment and social issues. However, there can be differences and trade-offs between who benefits, and when and where benefits accrue. EbA can be cost-effective; often more cost-effective than alternative approaches. Given these findings, EbA should be prioritised when planning climate change adaptation strategies. Those implementing EbA should adopt participatory processes, work with local organisations, value local knowledge and take measures to address differential benefits and trade-offs. In this briefing, we present key findings and summarise the policy, capacity and governance conditions that enable EbA to flourish, extracting lessons for both government bodies and on-the-ground implementers.","Hannah Reid, Charlotte Hicks, Xiaoting Hou Jones, Valerie Kapos, Ali Raza Rizvi, Sylvia Wicander",[1639,1641],{"tag":1640},"Ecosystem-based adaptation",{"tag":346},"https://www.iied.org/17725iied",{"type":1644},"IIED Briefing Papers",{"theme":346},{"name":1647},"China, Nepal, Peru, El Salvador, Bangladesh, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Chile, Costa Rica",{"id":1649,"documentId":1650,"title":1651,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1652,"date":950,"authors_text":1653,"tags":1654,"url":1663,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1664,"theme":1666,"country":1667},285,"qor5r6a5h39agouhk6prixa5","Monitoring climate finance and ODA","This issues brief examines the challenges of monitoring financial flows related to climate change. The first part focuses on tracking, monitoring, and reporting various types of flows, primarily from official development assistance (ODA) and other public sources but also from private sources. The second part explores possible ways of tracking additionality in ODA flows, with the aim of stimulating global discussion on this issue.","Ari Huhtala, Stefano Curto, Philippe Ambrosi",[1655,1657,1659,1661],{"tag":1656},"climate action",{"tag":1658},"private sector flow",{"tag":1660},"mitigation of climate change",{"tag":1662},"investement flow","https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/249321468331016305/monitoring-climate-finance-and-oda",{"type":1665},"Policy note",{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1669,"documentId":1670,"title":1671,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1672,"date":416,"authors_text":1673,"tags":1674,"url":1677,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1678,"theme":1679,"country":1680},287,"f1c4isi0ysgczr3uhc2vxwpy","Participating in a climate futures market increases support for costly climate policies","A large gap exists between the concerns over the risks of climate change and the support needed for effective climate actions. We show that participating in a market where individuals make predictions on future climate outcomes and earn money can change climate attitudes, behaviour and knowledge.","Moran Cerf, Sandra C. Matz, Malcolm A. MacIver ",[1675],{"tag":1676},"climate policies","https://www.nature.com/Articles/s41558-023-01677-6",{"type":88},{"theme":218},{"name":1681},"USA",{"id":1683,"documentId":1684,"title":1685,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1686,"date":1156,"authors_text":1687,"tags":1688,"url":1691,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1692,"theme":1694,"country":1695},288,"hitvqxsyeq64fft4mv8dgabk","Poor and Vulnerable Countries Need Support to Adapt to Climate Change","All countries, rich and poor, must adapt to climate change. A recent report by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change spelled out the dramatic consequences of failing to curb the rise in global temperature and adapting to a hotter planet. Adaptation should address risks from climate change and extreme weather, for example by safeguarding agriculture, managing the impact of rising seas, and making infrastructure more resilient.","Kristalina Georgieva, Vitor Gaspar, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu",[1689,1690],{"tag":346},{"tag":958},"https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/03/23/blog032322-poor-and-vulnerable-countris-need-support-to-adapt-to-climate-change",{"type":1693},"Blog post",{"theme":346},{"name":346},{"id":1697,"documentId":1698,"title":1699,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1700,"date":416,"authors_text":1701,"tags":1702,"url":1707,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1708,"theme":1709,"country":1710},289,"sl7v44qwmpmja5izhvc9xbrr","Pricing the Priceless: The Financial Transformation to Value the Planet, Solve the Climate Crisis, and Protect Our Most Precious Assets","In Pricing the Priceless: The Financial Transformation to Value the Planet, Solve the Climate Crisis, and Protect Our Most Precious Assets, renowned environmental strategist, speaker, world traveler and author Paula DiPerna brings a unique voice and optic to de-mystify and unveil today’s most fascinating financial disruption―pricing the priceless to flip conventional ideas of how we value natural assets and why. She asks the provocative question long ignored: Why do we value the indispensable atmosphere at zero, but dispensable production in the trillions? She digs into alternatives, with real-life examples from around the globe of fascinating and pioneering financial innovations―controversial and paradoxical, but essential. In the book, you’ll travel from rainforests to Wall Street, Board Rooms to the Vatican, coral reefs to mangroves to China’s carbon markets. Timely, adventurous, eclectic, and accessible, Pricing the Priceless brings alive the critical financial transformation that will determine future planetary health and social stability.","Paula DiPerna",[1703,1705],{"tag":1704},"carbon markets",{"tag":1706},"carbon pricing","https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Pricing+the+Priceless%3A+The+Financial+Transformation+to+Value+the+Planet,+Solve+the+Climate+Crisis,+and+Protect+Our+Most+Precious+Assets-p-9781119913801",{"type":961},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":1712,"documentId":1713,"title":1714,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1715,"date":1716,"authors_text":1717,"tags":1718,"url":1722,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1723,"theme":1724,"country":1725},290,"tszhgkyt9cdt3hk2gii05ct1","Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation","This paper is motivated by a concern that adaptation and vulnerability research suffer from an under-theorization of the political mechanisms of social change and the processes that serve to reproduce vulnerability over time and space. We argue that adaptation is a socio-political process that mediates how individuals and collectives deal with multiple and concurrent environmental and social changes. We propose that applying concepts of subjectivity, knowledges and authority to the analysis of adaptation focuses attention on this socio-political process. Drawing from vulnerability, adaptation, political ecology and social theory literatures, we explain how power is reproduced or contested in adaptation practice through these three concepts. We assert that climate change adaptation processes have the potential to constitute as well as contest authority, subjectivity and knowledge, thereby opening up or closing down space for transformational adaptation. We expand on this assertion through four key propositions about how adaptation processes can be understood and outline an emergent empirical research agenda, which aims to explicitly examine these propositions in specific social and environmental contexts. We describe how the Articles in this special issue are contributing to this nascent research agenda, providing an empirical basis from which to theorize the politics of adaptation. The final section concludes by describing the need for a reframing of adaptation policy, practice and analysis to engage with multiple adaptation knowledges, to question subjectivities inherent in discourses and problem understandings, and to identify how emancipatory subjectivities – and thus the potential for transformational adaptation – can be supported.","2015-03-01","Siri H. Eriksen, Andrea J. Nightingale,  Hallie Eakin",[1719,1720],{"tag":992},{"tag":1721},"vulnerability research","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S0959378015300509",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":1727,"documentId":1728,"title":1729,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1730,"date":1731,"authors_text":1209,"tags":1732,"url":1733,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1734,"theme":1735,"country":8},292,"que93pfzkco1he5v8idkq5c1","Scaling up Private Investment in Low-carbon, Climate-resilient Infrastructure","This report provides the first comprehensive study of publicly capitalised green investment banks (GIBs), analysing the rationales, mandates and financing activities of this relatively new category of public financial institution. Based on the experience of over a dozen GIBs and GIB-like entities, the report provides a non-prescriptive stock-taking of the diverse ways in which these public institutions are catalysing private investment in low-carbon, climate-resilient infrastructure and other green sectors, with a spotlight on energy efficiency projects. The report also provides practical information to policy makers on how green investment banks are being set up, capitalised and staffed.","2016-03-01",[],"https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/green-investment-banks-9789264245129-en.htm",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1737,"documentId":1738,"title":1739,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1740,"date":193,"authors_text":1741,"tags":1742,"url":1753,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1754,"theme":1755,"country":8},293,"e98ciovmavzl1fwpjz4l70k7","Settling Climate Accounts: Navigating the Road to Net Zero","Settling Climate Accounts probes the practice of Net Zero finance. It elucidates both the state of play and a set of directions that help form judgements about whether Net Zero is going to carry climate action far enough.","Thomas Heller, Alicia Seiger",[1743,1745,1747,1749,1750,1751],{"tag":1744},"net zero",{"tag":1746},"climate risk discloure",{"tag":1748},"net negative",{"tag":1243},{"tag":375},{"tag":1752},"climate investment","https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-83650-4",{"type":961},{"theme":218},{"id":1757,"documentId":1758,"title":1759,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1760,"date":416,"authors_text":1761,"tags":1762,"url":1771,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1772,"theme":1773,"country":8},294,"hgmxdsgbse5gigvxa7objgfq","Sustainable business model for climate finance. Key drivers for the commercial banking sector","The identification of a reference framework—the sustainable business model structure—exposes a new tool for banks to reanalyse their business models and adapt to a climate-resilient economy. The identification was done by a combination of analysis of current literature with regard to common and sustainable business models, which indicated three key levers for commercial banks looking to boost climate: target, sustainable value proposition, and sustainable value creation. Through a case study comparing the application of sustainable business model structure to a selection of five global banks, a collection of best practices was gathered to improve a bank’s profitability while reducing its clients and its own contribution to climate change. These banks were chosen through a series of criteria that ensure their eligibility as global commercial banks undergoing a business model transition to adapt to a climate-resilient economy.","Mercedes Grijalvo, Carmen Garcia-Wang",[1763,1765,1767,1769],{"tag":1764},"Sustainable Business Model Structure",{"tag":1766},"Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)",{"tag":1768},"Sustainable development",{"tag":1770},"Climate finance Banks","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S0148296322009110",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":1775,"documentId":1776,"title":1777,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1778,"date":1156,"authors_text":1779,"tags":1780,"url":1792,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1793,"theme":1794,"country":8},295,"iiir2mx87svbk729kc0ot7zq","The Chequered History of Climate Finance","Because it is the largest and most urgent crisis facing humanity, it is appropriate that climate change—and how to finance our response—has its own chapter in a book on sustainable finance. Here we consider what climate justice can tell us about how the balance of investment should be shared between the countries that have exploited fossil resources to grow rich and those that have fewer resources but are suffering more immediate and more severe impacts from the climate crisis. This, known as ‘the loss-and-damage agenda’ in UN negotiations, has been the source of repeated conflict at the UNFCCC process. The chapter also considers and compares climate investment packages from a range of the world’s largest economies, known variously as Green New Deal or green stimulus. I then explore the link between colonial history and the need for reparations and routes to funding the loss-and-damage agenda. And I conclude by considering more radical proposals for using the credit-creation facilities of the IMF to produce the money to solve the climate crisis.","Molly Scott Cato",[1781,1783,1785,1786,1788,1790],{"tag":1782},"loss and damage",{"tag":1784},"COP negotiations",{"tag":623},{"tag":1787},"New Green Deal",{"tag":1789}," IMF",{"tag":1791}," climate finance","https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-91578-0",{"type":1187},{"theme":218},{"id":1796,"documentId":1797,"title":1798,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1799,"date":416,"authors_text":1800,"tags":1801,"url":1803,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1804,"theme":1805,"country":1806},296,"fr0y6o87pua8ukufcd8617t1","The Evolving Academic Field of Climate Finance","The urgency and the magnitude of climate change will affect every aspect of our economies, societies, and planet. The academic finance research has begun to study the financial implications of global warming, although this body of literature is small. The literature exhibits distinct geographic tilts in terms of research preferences, draws young researchers, and much remains outside of the traditional finance domain. We explore, quantitatively and qualitatively, the emerging field of climate finance. We discuss its relevance for finance research and teaching and provide implications for financial economist and practitioners—in particular the need to incorporate this massive externality in valuation and risk analyses.","Matteo Gasparini, Peter Tufano",[1802],{"tag":375},"https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/23-057_28ebdda0-225c-4bff-8fc4-733f4e1a11c7.pdf",{"type":238},{"theme":218},{"name":1807},"US",{"id":1809,"documentId":1810,"title":1811,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1812,"date":1716,"authors_text":1813,"tags":1814,"url":1817,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1818,"theme":1819,"country":1820},297,"eq00rsi9qewadz5m7wrt2k20","The Impact of Canada’s Regional Adaptation: Collaboratives on Climate Adaptation ","This report summarizes research on the RAC program’s impact and is intended for adaptation practitioners and policymakers across Canada. Climate adaptation is a long-term process. Learning from programs is made difficult by the time lags that exist between analysis, planning and action on-the ground. Three years have elapsed since the intensive phase of RAC activities. This presents an opportunity to reflect on lessons and results (intended and unintended) arising from the RAC program, both to recognize achievements and to inform future programs fostering collaborative approaches to adaptation. The report addresses two main questions: 1. What was the immediate effect of the RACs in encouraging collaboration and adaptation decision making and 2. What was the influence of the RACs beyond program timelines and scope?","Jimena Eyzaguirre",[1815,1816],{"tag":437},{"tag":1061},"https://natural-resources.canada.ca/sites/nrcan/files/environment/pdf/RAC_Project_Impact_Report-eng.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":346},{"name":1061},{"id":1822,"documentId":1823,"title":1824,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1825,"date":416,"authors_text":1826,"tags":1827,"url":1835,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1836,"theme":1837,"country":8},298,"kyjykgbx3yiqy12wihuzc9at","The Normative Foundations of International Climate Adaptation Finance","Billions of dollars are annually transferred to poor nations to help them adapt to the effects of climate change. This Element examines how the discourses on adaptation finance of many developing country negotiators, environmental groups, development charities, academics and international bureaucrats have renewed a specific vision of aid, that of an aid intended to respond to international injustices and to fuel a regular transfer of resources between rich and poor countries. By reviewing manifestations of this normative vision of aid in key contemporary debates on adaptation finance, the author shows how these discourses have contributed to the significant financial mobilisation of developed countries towards adaptation in the Global South. But there remains a stark contrast between the many expectations associated with these discourses and today's adaptation finance landscape.","Romain Weikmans",[1828,1829,1831,1833,1834],{"tag":1246},{"tag":1830},"foreign aid",{"tag":1832},"global climate governance",{"tag":1272},{"tag":623},"https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/abs/normative-foundations-of-international-climate-adaptation-finance/7BD86C68DEE5F83E5765FCFE7469B593",{"type":961},{"theme":218},{"id":1839,"documentId":1840,"title":1841,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1842,"date":416,"authors_text":1843,"tags":1844,"url":1855,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1856,"theme":1857,"country":8},299,"vn3v7xecuc2xs2od33fyc2tq","The Politics of Climate Finance and Policy Initiatives to Promote Sustainable Finance and Address ESG Issues","This chapter examines the international and national efforts to expand green financing during the last decades. As a result, it addresses climate finance politics and policy measures, such as the Paris Agreement and the EU Action Plan on sustainable finance, and academic evidence on the impact of these initiatives on financial markets, including green bond market growth. According to the study, several “policy areas” still need to be enhanced, requiring international cooperation and further action at the country level to ensure a low-carbon transition. The establishment of standardized and mandatory disclosure rules, the adoption of internationally agreed-upon taxonomies of economic activity, and the promotion of climate-aligned financial metrics are all major areas for improvement.","Paola D'Orazio",[1845,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854],{"tag":437},{"tag":1847},"green regulations",{"tag":1849},"climate related risks",{"tag":1851},"ESG disclosure",{"tag":1853},"financial stability",{"tag":375},"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24283-0_7",{"type":1187},{"theme":218},{"id":1859,"documentId":1860,"title":1861,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1862,"date":416,"authors_text":1843,"tags":1863,"url":1871,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1872,"theme":1873,"country":8},300,"l07qrtthno7p1tbtaosnc04o","The Role of Bank Regulators in the Promotion of Green and Climate Finance","Over the past years, interest has increased in including environmental and climate-related issues in central banks, financial regulators, and supervisors’ activities. The scientific discussion and actions taken by these institutions are presented in this chapter. It describes how central banks are increasingly seen as key players in advancing regulations supporting a low-carbon or “net-zero” agenda and illustrates future policy directions and the new policy tools that central banks and financial regulators need to consider as climate change and its economic consequences are anticipated to generate new risks for financial markets.",[1864,1865,1867,1868,1870],{"tag":437},{"tag":1866},"climate related financial policies",{"tag":1849},{"tag":1869},"central banking",{"tag":1853},"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24283-0_8",{"type":1187},{"theme":218},{"id":1875,"documentId":1876,"title":1877,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1878,"date":193,"authors_text":1879,"tags":1880,"url":1883,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1884,"theme":1885,"country":8},301,"e4yqmcwkqv4sbw8klifvn6kr","The State of Cities Climate Finance Part 2 : The Enabling Conditions for Mobilizing Urban Climate Finance ","The Enabling Conditions for Urban Climate Finance Part 2 is a contribution of the World Bank to the State of Cities Climate Finance Report 2021. Part 2 analyzes enabling frameworks and presents solutions for mobilizing urban climate finance at scale to transition cities to low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathways. It seeks to provide a common level of understanding of the terminologies, knowledge, and themes used by climate policy and climate finance practitioners, city-level urban planners, and municipal finance officials. It presents innovative and critical concepts on the roles and agency of city governments in climate action; the enabling conditions at the country, city, and climate transaction level; concrete practical examples, solutions and approaches and key recommendations for local, national, and international officials to mobilize urban climate finance at scale.","Sandrine Boukerche, David Mason, Jamie Boex, Jan Whittington",[1881],{"tag":1882},"urban climate finance","https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/602521626243370465/pdf/The-State-of-Cities-Climate-Finance-Part-2-The-Enabling-Conditions-for-Mobilizing-Urban-Climate-Finance.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1887,"documentId":1888,"title":1889,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1890,"date":950,"authors_text":1891,"tags":1892,"url":1895,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1896,"theme":1897,"country":1899},302,"l1yrn4rec011da86eqmymv72","The UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Improving the Accessibility of Observed and Projected Climate Information for Studies of Climate Change in Developing Countries","It is widely acknowledged that developing countries will suffer some of the greatest impacts of climate change due to  their greater reliance on climate-dependent natural resources, and lack of finance and infrastructure for adaptation. However, the number of analyses  of  climate  observations,  climate model experiments, climate model projections, and climate change impacts  studies that are based on develop-ing countries is significantly smaller than  in those which have been undertaken for more economically advanced countries. A 2006 BAMS Article by Wash-ington et al. demonstrates that only 10.7% of Articles in the Journal of Climate and  25.6%  of  Articles  in the  International  Journal of Climatology published between  2002 and  2004 deal with  climate research on Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and South America, while  the overwhelming  majority concern North America and Canada, Europe, and Australasia. This deficit  in knowledge  and information  doubtlessly limits capacity for climate-related risk  assessment, adaptation planning, and decision making in devel-oping countries.","Carol Mcsweeney, Mark George New",[1893],{"tag":1894},"climate change country profile","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234081391_The_UNDP_Climate_Change_Country_Profiles_Improving_the_Accessibility_of_Observed_and_Projected_Climate_Information_for_Studies_of_Climate_Change_in_Developing_Countries",{"type":336},{"theme":1898},"Country profile",{"name":1900},"Developing Countries",{"id":1902,"documentId":1903,"title":1904,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1905,"date":1906,"authors_text":1907,"tags":1908,"url":1912,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1913,"theme":1914,"country":8},303,"t08wcwjthjxujf52776go1ek","The finance of climate change","Global warming is the defining challenge of our times. An emerging literature is investigating the interactions between climate change and financial markets. Climate finance is studying the pricing of climate risks across asset classes and the ways to channel public and private capital towards climate mitigation and adaptation investments. In 2019, the Journal of Corporate Finance launched a call for papers on the finance of climate change with the goal of publishing a special volume. In this context, we discuss how finance can help to address climate challenges, the contribution of the papers selected for the Special Issue and what we view as a broader climate finance research program.","2022-06-01","Laurent Calvet, Gianfranco Gianfrate, Raman Uppal",[1909,1910],{"tag":437},{"tag":1911},"finance","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S0929119922000050",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":1916,"documentId":1917,"title":1918,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1919,"date":416,"authors_text":1920,"tags":1921,"url":1931,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1932,"theme":1933,"country":8},304,"xhmp680wmobrwbtapcqiyq9e","The financial ecologies of climate urbanism: Project preparation and the anchoring of global climate finance","Global development institutions herald private finance as a key mechanism for limiting climate change. Many have concentrated their efforts on bridging urban “infrastructure gaps,” thereby creating profitable fixes and establishing new markets through global climate finance initiatives (GCFIs). This paper examines the project preparation practices of GCFIs in cities of the global South to understand how global climate finance anchors itself within cities. Leaning on the concept of financial ecologies, we argue that these practices do significant relational work, linking emerging smaller financial ecologies with each other, thereby establishing a larger financial ecology of climate urbanism. Examining the actors, spatial strategies and relations of these initiatives, we conclude that the sum of these parts ultimately serves the reproduction of global climate finance itself.","Fritz-Julius Grafe, Hanna Hilbrandt, Thilo van der Haegen",[1922,1923,1925,1927,1929],{"tag":375},{"tag":1924}," climate urbanism",{"tag":1926},"financial ecologies",{"tag":1928},"green infrastructure",{"tag":1930},"development finance","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07352166.2023.2235035",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":1935,"documentId":1936,"title":1937,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1938,"date":1235,"authors_text":1939,"tags":1940,"url":1941,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1942,"theme":1943,"country":8},308,"q0np2lcp8muuakmoi0qefnmu","Transformative Climate Finance","A new approach for climate finance to achieve low-carbon resilient development in developing countries.","The World Bank team",[],"https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/zh/548391592335609551/pdf/Transformative-Climate-Finance-A-New-Approach-for-Climate-Finance-to-Achieve-Low-Carbon-Resilient-Development-in-Developing-Countries.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":218},{"id":1945,"documentId":1946,"title":1947,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1948,"date":895,"authors_text":1949,"tags":1950,"url":1954,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1955,"theme":1956,"country":1958},387,"m4dmycvpj57i1jfqmz1i69a8","Beyond promises: Realities of climate finance justice and energy transitions in Asia and the Pacific","With a focus on climate finance in Asia and the Pacific and drawing empirical evidence from our work in Fiji and Indonesia, this Article investigates complex realities of climate finance as it flows to the recipient countries. This Article reveals how existing structures and power relations impact the outcomes of financing transitions to low carbon energy. ","Kirsty Anantharajah, Abidah B. Setyowati ",[1951,1952],{"tag":375},{"tag":1953},"Asia","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S2214629622000561",{"type":336},{"theme":1957},"Climate Finance ",{"name":1953},{"id":1960,"documentId":1961,"title":1962,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1963,"date":1018,"authors_text":1964,"tags":1965,"url":1975,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1976,"theme":1977,"country":1978},305,"r5favftne3l80rl2whby9h29","The status of climate change adaptation in Africa and Asia","Adaptation is a key component of climate policy, yet we have limited and fragmented understanding of if and how adaptation is currently taking place. In this paper, we document and characterize the current status of adaptation in 47 vulnerable ‘hotspot’ nations in Asia and Africa, based on a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, as well as policy documents, to extract evidence of adaptation initiatives. In total, 100 peer-reviewed Articles, 161 grey literature documents, and 27 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change National Communications were reviewed, constituting 760 adaptation initiatives. Results indicate a significant increase in reported adaptations since 2006. Adaptations are primarily being reported from African and low-income countries, particularly those nations receiving adaptation funds, involve a combination of groundwork and more concrete adaptations to reduce vulnerability, and are primarily being driven by national governments, NGOs, and international institutions, with minimal involvement of lower levels of government or collaboration across nations. Gaps in our knowledge of adaptation policy and practice are particularly notable in North Africa and Central Asia, and there is limited evidence of adaptation initiatives being targeted at vulnerable populations including socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, children, indigenous peoples, and the elderly.","James D. Ford, Lea Berrang-Ford, Anna Bunce, Courtney McKay, Maya Irwin & Tristan Pearce",[1966,1967,1969,1971,1973,1974],{"tag":642},{"tag":1968},"Hotspot regions",{"tag":1970},"Asia, ",{"tag":1972},"Adaptation tracking",{"tag":694},{"tag":1035},"https://link.springer.com/Article/10.1007/s10113-014-0648-2",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":1979},"Asia and Africa",{"id":1981,"documentId":1982,"title":1983,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1984,"date":416,"authors_text":1985,"tags":1986,"url":1992,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":1993,"theme":1994,"country":8},306,"bzcws4zeev4orzqec073v1j4","Thus spoke GPT-3: Interviewing a large-language model on climate finance","This paper is an interview with a Large Language Model (LLM), namely GPT-3, on the issues of climate change. The interview should give some insights into the current capabilities of these large models which are deep neural networks with generally more than 100 billion parameters. In particular, it shows how eloquent and convincing the answers of such LLMs can be. However, it should be noted that LLMs can suffer from hallucination and their responses may not be grounded on facts. These deficiencies offer an interesting avenue for future research.","Markus Leippold",[1987,1988,1990],{"tag":1035},{"tag":1989},"Large language models",{"tag":1991},"Natural language processing","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S1544612322007930",{"type":1409},{"theme":218},{"id":1996,"documentId":1997,"title":1998,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1999,"date":2000,"authors_text":2001,"tags":2002,"url":2004,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2005,"theme":2006,"country":2007},307,"tzkg2qwasdhcxafld9gqzo92","Toward Accelerating Climate Finance:Forging a New Partnership between theGlobal South and the Global North","Economywide decarbonization is essential for achieving the climate goals set in the ParisAgreement. This will require deploying and scaling up green infrastructure and technologies.While finance flows toward climate action—both mitigation and adaptation—have beenincreasing, the rate of increase has been much slower compared to the rate of growthof required investment, leading to a growing climate finance gap. Emerging market anddeveloping economies (EMDEs) and least developed countries (LDCs), in particular, haveseen significant gaps in both mitigation and adaptation. Further, in a majority of developingcountries, public finances are strained, inflation is high, and debt is mounting due to thepandemic and volatile geopolitical conditions. This compounds the problem, especially in lightof the fact that EMDEs and LDCs will witness rapid growth and need increased investments.The Policy Brief looks at ways to address this gap and the role of Group of Seven countries insupporting this journey.","2023-06-23","Neha Khanna, Casper Sonesson, Shayak Sengupta, Daniel Suryadarma",[2003],{"tag":375},"https://www.think7.org/publication/toward-accelerating-climate-finance-forging-a-new-partnership-between-the-global-south-and-the-global-north/",{"type":88},{"theme":218},{"name":220},{"id":2009,"documentId":2010,"title":2011,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2012,"date":1156,"authors_text":2013,"tags":2014,"url":2026,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2027,"theme":2028,"country":2029},309,"jyjr388mzgt4jrin4drjig32","Unlocking climate finance potential and policy barriers—A case of renewable energy and energy efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa","Sub-Saharan African is in a unique position to reap the socio-economic and environmental benefits of renewable resources, and the energy efficiency practices as the demand for energy in the continent grows. Assessment of the financing potential and the related obstacles for the financing deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors mapping will be a step forward to help in mobilizing the financial flows into sectors. With the Sub-Saharan Africa population growth, urbanization, economic growth coupled with the global commitment of Sustainable Energy for All Initiative, the need for accessible clean energy has never been more urgent. This paper aims to assess the renewable energy (RE) and energy-efficient (E.E.) investment potential as well as policy barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Analyzing five investment indicators, using secondary sources of information, and conducting interviews with key stakeholders. The RE and E.E. investment potential, investment gap, and policy barriers in 14 countries from West, Central, Southern, and East Africa was quantified conducted. The result of the study indicates a promising yet very susceptible future for the implementation of RE and E.E. in SSA. To enhance access to electricity, promote energy security, and propel economic growth in an environmentally friendly approach, SSA has to overcome the significant challenge of inadequate private and public funding for the energy sector. The conclusion is that there is a need to address the institutional knowledge gaps and policy gaps that will be key to helping in unlocking the financing potential of RE and E.E. in the continent of Africa.","Edward M. Mungai,  S. Wagura Ndiritu, Izael Da Silva",[2015,2017,2018,2020,2022,2024],{"tag":2016},"Renewable energy",{"tag":1035},{"tag":2019},"Energy efficiency",{"tag":2021}," Sub-Saharan Africa",{"tag":2023},"Financing potential",{"tag":2025},"financing barriers","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S266691612100030X",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":1026},{"id":2031,"documentId":2032,"title":2033,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2034,"date":1259,"authors_text":2035,"tags":2036,"url":2040,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2041,"theme":2042,"country":8},310,"ouduz26dhg7pnssocqkdmd3z","What do you think about climate finance?","We survey 861 finance academics, professionals, and public sector regulators and policy economists about climate finance topics. They identify regulatory risk as the top climate risk to businesses and investors over the next five years, but they view physical risk as the top risk over the next 30 years. By an overwhelming margin, respondents believe that asset prices underestimate climate risks rather than overestimate them. We also tabulate opinions about the expected correlation between growth and climate change, social discount rates appropriate for projects that mitigate the effects of climate change, most influential forces for reducing climate risks, and most important research topics.","Johannes Stroebel, Jeffrey Wurgler",[2037,2038],{"tag":375},{"tag":2039},"economics","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S0304405X21003494",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"id":2044,"documentId":2045,"title":2046,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2047,"date":2048,"authors_text":2049,"tags":2050,"url":2056,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2057,"theme":2058,"country":2059},311,"g5j4bgn71375dywhld8ah276","On the nature of barriers to climate change adaptation","Considerable barriers can emerge in developing and implementing climate change adaptation strategies. Understanding the nature of barriers to adaptation is important so as to find strategic ways of dealing with them. However, our current understanding is limited and highly fragmented across the academic community. This paper aims to bring some conceptual convergence in these debates by applying a systematic review method to assess the current state of knowledge on barriers to adaptation in the peer-reviewed literature. The review results show that: (1) Barriers to adaptation have hardly been defined in the literature and no clear indicators exist so as to identify and assess them systematically. (2) An impressive number of barriers have been reported, but the list of possible barriers is seemingly endless. (3) The most frequently reported barriers relate to the institutional and social dimensions of adaptation. (4) Barriers are identified as configurations of climate and non-climate factors and conditions that emerge from the actor, the governance system, or the system of concern. (5) Barriers are mainly studied in developed countries with a strong focus on water-related domains. (6) The majority of studies on barriers use small-n inductive case approaches while comparative studies across different contexts are limited. (7) Although interventions to overcome barriers are recommended by most studies, empirical studies on interventions are scarce. We present further conceptual clarification and a more precise definition of barriers to adaptation. We conclude that future research should go beyond asking the questions ‘if’ and ‘which’ barriers to adaptation exist and begin asking ‘how’ and ‘why’ barriers emerge.","2013-03-01","G. Robbert Biesbroek, Judith E. M. Klostermann, Catrien J. A. M. Termeer & Pavel Kabat ",[2051,2053,2055],{"tag":2052},"barriers to adaptation",{"tag":2054},"systematic literature review",{"tag":346},"https://link.springer.com/Article/10.1007/s10113-013-0421-y",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":2060},"global",{"id":76,"documentId":2062,"title":2063,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2064,"date":2065,"authors_text":2066,"tags":2067,"url":23,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2072,"theme":2073,"country":2074},"xm59d0agkc2isnfqb4y8c42g","Climate finance at a crossroads: it is high time to use the global solution for global problems","The failure of the USD 100-billion climate finance pledge under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) could be attributed to a series of reasons: the inconsistent rules, the ambiguity of accountability issues, the political and economic motivations of donor countries, the weak governance capability of developing countries, etc. In addition to the predicament of climate finance commitments made by industrialized nations, South-South cooperation is becoming an important supplemental approach and is acknowledged by the Paris Agreement as an essential means of support. Through studying a broad set of literature on climate finance governance, the study aims to provide a clear picture of the current muddle in climate finance and China’s new role in the architecture. We do this by first looking into the disjointed system of reporting and accounting standards for climate finance as well as what causes the international climate finance gap. On the one hand, the self-interests and geopolitical concerns of donor countries led to considerable challenges to distributive justice in climate finance allocation. On the other hand, climate finance from rich countries has yet to make a substantial dent in enhancing developing countries’ resilience to climate change. Finally, we argue that China-led climate-related development assistance and South-South cooperation on climate change has a tremendous potential for vulnerable countries to realize their climate action priorities and address the climate injustice.","2023-04-01","Ji Qi & Haoqi Qian",[2068,2070],{"tag":2069},"climate finance allocation",{"tag":2071},"climate finance landscape",{"type":336},{"theme":218},{"name":2075},"China",{"id":2077,"documentId":2078,"title":2079,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2080,"date":2081,"authors_text":2082,"tags":2083,"url":23,"file":2093,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2100,"theme":8,"country":2101},314,"qaexlwqz05o97if1gmqf34is","Assessment of the flood induced loss and damage by using multi-dimentional poverty index in Melamchi municipalty Sindhupalchowk, Nepal","Flooding is one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, particularly impacting developing nations like Nepal. The June 2021 flood in Melamchi Municipality exemplified this, causing extensive damage to infrastructure, displacing hundreds of families, and highlighting the community's vulnerability to climate change. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) serves as a critical tool for assessing the socio-economic impacts of such disasters by considering various deprivations beyond income, including health and education. This study aimed to evaluate the flood-induced loss and damage in Melamchi Municipality using the MPI and socio demographic survey such as HHS, FGD and KII to understand how such events disproportionately affect impoverished households. The research findings revealed 0.03 MPI variation before and after flood which indicated that only 3% of people are considered to be multidimensionally poor, a significant increase in households classified as experiencing \"High\" poverty post-flood, particularly in wards 10 and 11. Specifically, Ward 10's MPI rose from 0.14 to 0.15, while Ward 11 experienced a dramatic increase from 0.12 to 0.27, indicating severe deterioration in living conditions. Overall, the number of households categorized as \"High\" poverty increased from 40 before the flood to 52 afterward, while those in \"Low\" poverty dropped from 58 to 38. Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between flood-induced loss and increased poverty levels across all observed wards. This stark reality emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive disaster recovery strategies that address both immediate needs and long-term resilience. The MPI's multifaceted approach enables stakeholders to identify vulnerable populations requiring targeted assistance in recovery efforts. Additionally, integrating local knowledge into recovery strategies fosters community ownership and ensures that initiatives are culturally appropriate. By employing the MPI in assessing flood impacts, policymakers can prioritize resources effectively and develop targeted interventions that promote equity in disaster response efforts. Ultimately, addressing the intersection of multidimensional poverty and flood risk is essential for developing effective disaster management strategies that enhance resilience and sustainability in Melamchi Municipality. Understanding this relationship will be crucial for creating inclusive disaster risk reduction measures that not only aim for immediate recovery but also focus on long-term socio-economic stability for affected communities.","2024-12-01","Dharma Raj Sorali",[2084,2085,2087,2089,2091],{"tag":535},{"tag":2086},"Poverty",{"tag":2088},"MPI",{"tag":2090},"Loss and Damage",{"tag":2092},"Flood",{"id":2094,"url":2095,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2096,"mime":28,"size":2097,"name":2098,"provider":31,"createdAt":2099,"updatedAt":2099},215,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Dharma_Thesis_c87f11da10.pdf",{},2098.53,"Dharma Thesis.pdf","2026-03-29T09:20:04.399Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2103,"documentId":2104,"title":2105,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2106,"date":1461,"authors_text":1272,"tags":2107,"url":2109,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2110,"theme":2111,"country":2112},316,"w6ah0a3fm4ttmlsoy2sswu8c","Climate Change: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Developing Countries","The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat has produced this book to highlight the concerns and needs of developing countries in adapting to the effects of climate change. This book outlines the impact of climate change in four developing country regions: Africa, Asia, Latin America and small island developing States; the vulnerability of these regions to future climate change; current adaptation plans, strategies and actions; and future adaptation options and needs.",[2108],{"tag":992},"https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/publications/impacts.pdf",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2114,"documentId":2115,"title":2116,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2117,"date":10,"authors_text":2118,"tags":2119,"url":23,"file":2127,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2134,"theme":8,"country":2135},318,"rvgxbzs4d0wvog0kpkstdta6","Effectiveness of ecosystem based flood adaptation strategies in indigenous community of lower Karnali region, Nepal","Flood is a natural hazard that particularly affecting the Terai region of Nepal, Rajapur Municipality is significantly affected by flood yearly. This research explores the effectiveness of ecosystem-based flood adaptation strategies in the Indigenous community of Rajapur municipality of Bardiya district. The research focuses on five flood prone wards (1, 3, 4, 7, and 10) of Rajapur Municipality adjoining Karnali river and its branches. Mixed-method approach: a household survey (n=190), focus group discussion, and key informant interview (n=7) was used for the study. It has explored the major ecosystem-based adaptation strategies employed by indigenous people in Rajapur, finds out their effectiveness, and the role of women in EbA by using regression analysis.\nEcosystem-based adaptation, like afforestation (plantation of trees like Bombyx ceiba(simal), Bambusa vulgaris(bamboo), Melia azedarach (Bakaino), Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo(sisam), Syzygium cumini(Jamun), Eucalyptus(sagun)etc. near agricultural fields, near irrigation canals, and banks of rivers, involves the construction of biodykes made up of (tree branches and wood, sacks filled with small stones, soil) and placed on the bank of rivers to build a wall-like structure were documented. Indigenous practice to protect seed for next year by keeping them in elevated houses, branches of trees, and a pot made up of mud and straw called “Dhehrai” (it is used for the protection of food grains and seeds from flood as well as pests) were also recorded. Tree plantation has shown effectiveness in improving soil health/quality, reducing soil erosion, and reducing flood impact due to their extensive root system and canopy cover. Effectiveness of walls made of branches of trees (biodykes), which help to reduce the risk of bank cutting, and its cost-effectiveness and features like easier to make, and can be built by farmers were also recorded. Women take part in many activities like afforestation, sustainable agricultural practices various training of EbA, implementing EbA activities in their community and play an important role.","Rajan Paudel",[2120,2121,2123,2125],{"tag":2092},{"tag":2122},"Effectiveness",{"tag":2124},"Indigenous community",{"tag":2126},"EbA, ",{"id":2128,"url":2129,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2130,"mime":28,"size":2131,"name":2132,"provider":31,"createdAt":2133,"updatedAt":2133},222,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Rajan_Thesis_17ea2f0144.pdf",{},3142.9,"Rajan Thesis.pdf","2026-03-29T10:02:56.289Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2137,"documentId":2138,"title":2139,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2140,"date":2141,"authors_text":2142,"tags":2143,"url":23,"file":2157,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2164,"theme":8,"country":2165},319,"g89vwjcli4oft005fkfhiv98","Flood impact assessment on education of children and coping mechanism in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya district","Rajapur Municipality of Bardiya district is one of the major flood prone areas of Nepal. The Municipality is situated in between the two arms of the Karnali River and has a long history of flooding. The seasonal and unseasonal floods in Karnali and Geruwa river makes the community highly vulnerable. One of the major impact of floods can be observed in education sector so, this study highlights the impact of flood on education of children of Rajapur Municipality. Flood has cause significant impact on education quality and the learning environment of students. This study observed the impact of flood particularly in 23 schools (16 government and 7 non-government) within Rajapur municipality. Among 10 wards of Rajapur municipality this study includes ward no. 1, 3, 4 ,7 and 10. In ward no. 3, there is a concerning trend of high rates of male and female student repeaters after the flood which has led to a decline in academic performance over the last five years, emphasizing the urgent need for interventions and support systems to address this educational challenge. Simultaneously, ward no. 4 faces a distinct issue with the highest dropout rates after flood among both male and female students. From FGD and KII, economic crises after flood within families, household responsibilities and disinterest in subjects contribute significantly to this trend.\nThe coping strategies employed, relocating furniture and securing school items during the rainy season have been practiced. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaced approach, integrating infrastructure upgrades, educational support programs and community engagement. The creation of tailored interventions, considering the specific needs of each ward and school building, is crucial for revitalizing the educational landscape post-floods and ensuring sustained academic growth for the children in Rajapur Municipality.","2024-01-01","Abhiyanta Karki",[2144,2146,2148,2150,2152,2154,2156],{"tag":2145},"Rajapur Municipality",{"tag":2147},"Academic performance",{"tag":2149},"repeaters rate",{"tag":2151}," flood",{"tag":2153},"Coping Strategies",{"tag":2155},"dropout rate",{"tag":721},{"id":2158,"url":2159,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2160,"mime":28,"size":2161,"name":2162,"provider":31,"createdAt":2163,"updatedAt":2163},213,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Abhiyanat_Thesis_ead1524d7d.pdf",{},2353.04,"Abhiyanat Thesis.pdf","2026-03-29T09:10:07.047Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2167,"documentId":2168,"title":2169,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2170,"date":848,"authors_text":2171,"tags":2172,"url":23,"file":2178,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2185,"theme":8,"country":2186},321,"iejs2rrzsoeu33604mh6uv1a","Indigenous adaptation strategies on flood by Tharu communities in Rajapur, Bardiya, Nepal","Flooding is a significant natural hazard in Nepal, particularly affecting the Terai region. The Rajapur municipality of Bardiya district is highly vulnerable to climate-induced floods. This study investigates the indigenous flood adaptation strategies employed by the Tharu community focusing on wards identified as highly vulnerable to flooding, specifically wards 1, 3, 4 (highly vulnerable) and 7, 9, 10 (very highly vulnerable) (LDCR,2022) due to their proximity to the Karnali and Geruwa rivers where previous incidents resulted in catastrophic loss and damages, ensuring that the study captures the experiences of those most affected. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques, including a semi-structured questionnaire with 210 households, 30 key informant interviews with community heads (Barghar) and ward leaders, and a focus group discussion with the Sana Kisan Women’s group. The study evaluates adaptation strategies across pre-, during-, and post-flood phases, using tools like the Likert scale, weighted average index (WAI), and chi-square tests to assess effectiveness and socio-demographic influences.\nKey practices include building embankments with local materials like bamboo & soil, diversifying livelihoods through various crops and livestock, creating temporary shelters from wood & thatch for safety, and managing resources sustainably with techniques like crop rotation. Socio-demographic factors, such as gender, age, education, income, and proximity to rivers, significantly influence adaptation strategies in Tharu communities. Research shows that men engage in fishing and diversifying their incomes, while women focus on food security through seed preservation. Age affects practices, with older individuals relying on traditional farming methods and younger individuals combining these methods with new ideas. Education enhances the application of traditional knowledge, and income levels determine the capacity for investing in sustainable practices. Communities near rivers experience more flooding but benefit from fertile land, while those farther away grow drought-resistant crops and seek alternative livelihoods. Traditional knowledge is vital but faces challenges from resource constraints and social pressures.","Jeni Dahal",[2173,2174,2176],{"tag":2092},{"tag":2175},"Knowledge Transformation",{"tag":2177},"Indigenous Adaptation Strategy",{"id":2179,"url":2180,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2181,"mime":28,"size":2182,"name":2183,"provider":31,"createdAt":2184,"updatedAt":2184},217,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Jeni_Thesis_b59f67c261.pdf",{},1627.74,"Jeni Thesis.pdf","2026-03-29T09:29:45.504Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2188,"documentId":2189,"title":2190,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2191,"date":2192,"authors_text":2193,"tags":2194,"url":2198,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2199,"theme":2200,"country":2201},331,"vr2c1m2a21hbg1k2dnfrlfol","This Changes Everything","According to Naomi Klein, the status quo is no longer an option. This book, which has also been turned into a documentary, outlines why the climate crisis is challenging the world to reshape the global economy and rethink political systems. Klein argues that acting on climate change is an opportunity for governments to turn our world on its head and one that we need to seize before it’s too late.","2014-04-01","Naomi Klein",[2195,2196],{"tag":346},{"tag":2197},"climate change governance","https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/This-Changes-Everything/Naomi-Klein/9781451697391",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2203,"documentId":2204,"title":2205,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2206,"date":1282,"authors_text":2207,"tags":2208,"url":2209,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2210,"theme":2211,"country":8},323,"gwgic1yit90x3xqjebabo5r9","Results-based climate finance in practice: Delivering climate finance for low-carbon development","Results-Based Financing (RBF) demonstrates strong potential to deliver on each of these prerequisites for low-carbon development. Broadly defined, RBF is a financing modality under which funds are disbursed by an investor or donor to a recipient upon the achievement of a pre-agreed set of results, with achievement of these results being subject to independent verification. Results-Based Climate Financing (RBCF) can therefore be understood as RBF provided specifically for climate mitigation or adaptation results. This report is based on a review of 74 RBCF programs implemented in developing countries.2 It aims to (i) assess the characteristics and overall volume of funding flowing through RBCF programs, (ii) describe the various approaches to designing and implementing RBCF programs, and (iii) compare practical experiences in applying RBCF with the existing theory and literature describing this financing approach.","Ulf Moslener",[],"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318987701_RESULTS-BASED_CLIMATE_FINANCE_IN_PRACTICE_DELIVERING_CLIMATE_FINANCE_FOR_LOW-CARBON_DEVELOPMENT",{"type":424},{"theme":218},{"id":2213,"documentId":2214,"title":2215,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2216,"date":2217,"authors_text":2218,"tags":2219,"url":2230,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2231,"theme":2232,"country":2233},325,"bzb4zig2k4dk04jkjx0widna","Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation","The Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation addresses the scientific, social, political and cultural aspects of climate change in an integrated and coherent way. The multi-volume reference focuses on one of the key aspects of climate change: adaptation and how to handle its impacts on physical, biotic and human systems, analyzing the social and normative scientific concerns and presenting the tools, approaches and methods aimed at management of climate change impacts. The high-quality, interdisciplinary contributions provides state-of-the-art descriptions of the topics at hand with the collective aim of offering, for a broad readership, an authoritative, balanced and accessible presentation of the best current understanding of the nature and challenges posed by climate change. It serves not only as a valuable information source but also as a tool to support teaching and research and as help for professionals to assist in decision-making.","2015-04-01","Walter Leal Filho",[2220,2222,2224,2226,2228],{"tag":2221},"Climate Change Adaptation Technologies",{"tag":2223},"Climate Policy",{"tag":2225},"Climate Change Management",{"tag":2227},"Climate Change Impact",{"tag":2229},"Climate Change Agreements","https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1#affiliations",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2235,"documentId":2236,"title":2237,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2238,"date":2217,"authors_text":2239,"tags":2240,"url":2241,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2242,"theme":2244,"country":2245},327,"yy26hgt34iawcwfwwwj6p5kw","Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Environmental migration: A Policy Perspective","This paper presents IOM’s efforts to support vulnerable and mobile communities affected by environmental hazards through disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) activities conducive to sustainable development.","IOM",[],"https://publications.iom.int/books/disaster-risk-reduction-climate-change-adaptation-and-environmental-migration-policy",{"type":2243},"Policy Report",{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2247,"documentId":2248,"title":2249,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2250,"date":2251,"authors_text":2252,"tags":2253,"url":2255,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2256,"theme":2257,"country":2258},329,"gz216juirczwt7wgqn48t4zl","Climate Change Adaptation in Practice: From strategy development to implementation","This book provides a comprehensive overview of key elements required for effective analysis and assessment of climate change impacts, economic cost-benefit analysis, communication processes and creation and transfer of knowledge, governance issues and implementation of related policies. It describes the results achieved by the BaltCICA (www.baltcica.org) project whose contributors come from the scientific and public administration communities. The regional cooperation has led to the implementation of climate change adaptation in several case studies. The BaltCICA project developed concepts, methodologies and tools for climate change adaptation that can be translated across other global regions. ","2013-04-01","Philipp Schmidt-Thomé, Johannes Klein",[2254],{"tag":992},"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118548165",{"type":961},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2260,"documentId":2261,"title":2262,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2263,"date":895,"authors_text":2264,"tags":2265,"url":2274,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2275,"theme":2277,"country":2278},333,"mj8s6e2s6hlntvw9npbj6tj2","Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Cities","This guidebook presents a framework for climate adaptation planning for coastal cities, large and small, focused on the central roles of citizens, public officials, and planners. The book is designed to help all stakeholders in coastal cities understand and develop effective adaptation measures in a sustainable way. Within a framework of eight key planning steps, guidance is provided for stakeholders in the adaptation process from initial assessments of climate impacts to final planning. ","David C. Major, Sirkku K. Juhola",[2266,2268,2270,2272,2273],{"tag":2267},"climate impacts",{"tag":2269},"global warming",{"tag":2271}," coastal cities",{"tag":956},{"tag":1482},"https://hup.fi/site/books/m/10.33134/HUP-6/",{"type":2276},"Guide Book",{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2280,"documentId":2281,"title":2282,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2283,"date":2284,"authors_text":2285,"tags":2286,"url":2288,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2289,"theme":2290,"country":2291},335,"qbruyww8so2w3z5zb0uyvn4w","Adapting to Climate Change in East Africa: A Strategic Approach","This paper provides an overview of the likely impacts of climate change in three least developed countries in East Africa: Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. In the coming decades, climate change is likely to alter temperatures and distribution of rainfall, contribute to sea-level rise and increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in East Africa. In fact, many widespread climatic changes have already been observed in the region. Climate change will have both a direct impact on development of climate-dependent activities (such as infrastructure and agriculture) and indirect consequences for social systems (such as issues of poverty, conflict, health and education). As a result, climate change has the potential to undermine, and even undo, socio-economic development in East Africa and it is imperative that governments and institutions come together to formulate long-term adaptation strategies.","2016-04-01","Victor Ayo Orindi, Laurel A. Murray",[2287],{"tag":353},"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45647288_Adapting_to_Climate_Change_in_East_Africa_A_Strategic_Approach",{"type":1023},{"theme":346},{"name":2292},"East Africa",{"id":2294,"documentId":2295,"title":2296,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2297,"date":667,"authors_text":2298,"tags":2299,"url":2309,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2310,"theme":2311,"country":2312},337,"q48kg47abn1dghknbnkyggwe","Green monetary policy to combat climate change: Theory and evidence of selective credit control","Recognizing climate change as a formidable threat to global economic stability, the study underscores the inadequacies of existing fiscal tools, such as carbon taxes and carbon trading, in effectively mitigating carbon emissions and explores the potential impact of climate-related uncertainties on the global financial and monetary system. The paper delineates the necessity of integrating environmental goals into monetary policy frameworks, proposing a Green Monetary Policy (GMP) Framework that explicitly incorporates emission reduction targets into traditional monetary instruments to confront the growing challenges of climate change. Innovating an economic model for the GMP, the paper presents nuanced insights into the potential role of central banks in addressing climate change. The consequent mathematical calibration and findings advocate for a strategic shift in credit allocation from high carbon-intensive activities to low carbon-emitting industries using selective credit control instruments by central banks to combat climate change. Moreover, using Panel VAR and Impulse Response Functions (IRF), the study examines the period spanning 2004–2020 across diverse economies—Brazil, China, the EU, India, and the US. The results suggest that central banks can achieve the dual objectives of maintaining price stability and sustainability by exerting effective control over emissions. In essence, this research lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of alternative economic policy tools and strategies available to policymakers in navigating the intricate landscape of climate-related economic challenges.","Amit Roy",[2300,2301,2303,2305,2307],{"tag":1035},{"tag":2302},"VAR",{"tag":2304},"Green credit flow",{"tag":2306},"AMPL",{"tag":2308},"Monetary policy","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/pii/S2949728024000051",{"type":336},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2314,"documentId":2315,"title":1431,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":1432,"date":895,"authors_text":1433,"tags":2316,"url":1439,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2319,"theme":2320,"country":2321},339,"jlzpvu4hzk55tafnrh1289a1",[2317],{"tag":2318},"climate finance risks",{"type":336},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2323,"documentId":2324,"title":2325,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2326,"date":895,"authors_text":2327,"tags":2328,"url":2331,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2332,"theme":2333,"country":2334},341,"vd3fr4zbsvgzmhvos9vropsu","Unlocking Climate Finance in Asia-Pacific: Transitioning to a Sustainable Future","This paper provides an overview of the climate finance ecosystem in countries in the Asia-Pacific region and presents strategies to mobilize climate finance for the region’s transition to a sustainable future. The paper identifies challenges, including gaps in the climate information architecture, policy conflicts, global complexities, and emphasizes the need for coordinated action involving governments, central banks, financial supervisors, the IMF, and other multilateral institutions.","Cheng Hoon Lim ; Ritu Basu ; Yan Carriere-Swallow ; Kenichiro Kashiwase ; Mahmut Kutlukaya ; Mike Li ; Ehraz Refayet ; Dulani Seneviratne ; Mouhamadou Sy ; Ruihua Yang",[2329],{"tag":2330},"climate finance ecosystem","https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers/Issues/2024/01/29/Unlocking-Climate-Finance-in-Asia-Pacific-Transitioning-to-a-Sustainable-Future-541458",{"type":336},{"theme":375},{"name":2335},"Asia-Pacific",{"id":2337,"documentId":2338,"title":2339,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2340,"date":2341,"authors_text":2342,"tags":2343,"url":2347,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2348,"theme":2350,"country":2352},343,"kvieqindqdab33fyrdwd51q7","Climate Change Vulnerability and Risk – A Guide for Community Assessments, Action Planning and Implementation","To ensure that projects and related activities are adequately targeted at reducing climate change vulnerabilities in communities, it is necessary to conduct Vulnerability and Risk Assessments (VRAs) to understand which people and which areas are most at risk and why.","2020-04-01","Begoña Peiró Salvador",[2344,2345],{"tag":1436},{"tag":2346},"climate vulnerability","https://unhabitat.org/climate-change-vulnerability-and-risk-a-guide-for-community-assessments-action-planning-and",{"type":2349},"Guide",{"theme":2351},"climate change vulnerability",{"name":220},{"id":2354,"documentId":2355,"title":2356,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2357,"date":2358,"authors_text":2359,"tags":2360,"url":2365,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2366,"theme":2368,"country":2369},345,"xdn8z4i3033jxmo0c8mcf2r3","Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis","The Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA) is a CARE tool used to gather and analyze information on community-level vulnerabilities to and capacities for climate change. It informs the identification of actions, at the community level or more broadly, that support communities in increasing their resilience to climate change.","2019-04-01"," Angie Dazé",[2361,2362,2364],{"tag":1436},{"tag":2363},"capacity analysis",{"tag":2346},"https://careclimatechange.org/cvca/",{"type":2367},"Handbook",{"theme":2351},{"name":694},{"id":2371,"documentId":2372,"title":2373,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2374,"date":2375,"authors_text":2376,"tags":2377,"url":2380,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2381,"theme":2382,"country":2383},347,"x48wrge9y0p1yc93szd73vzg","Nationwide Climate Vulnerability Assessment Bangladesh","This assessment was led by a team of international and national experts and was conducted through a systematic step by step approach applying participatory methods. The climate vulnerability was assessed for eight sectors at the Upazila level: Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Navigation, Transport and Infrastructure, Water Resources, Biodiversity, Natural Disasters and Human Health. With this, the NCVA may serve as a tool to take on an integrated climate vulnerability perspective beyond the commonly regarded domains of flood risk and water management.","2018-04-01","Dr. Hasse Goosen, Tanvir Hasan, Sanjib Kumar Saha, Dr. Nahid Rezwana, Md. Rejaur Rahman ,Mohammad Assaduzzaman, Ashraful Kabir, Dr. Ghislain Dubois Catharien, Terwisscha van Scheltinga",[2378],{"tag":2379},"climate vulnerability assessment","https://moef.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/moef.portal.gov.bd/notices/d31d60fd_df55_4d75_bc22_1b0142fd9d3f/Draft%20NCVA.pdf",{"type":353},{"theme":2351},{"name":20},{"id":2385,"documentId":2386,"title":2387,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2388,"date":2251,"authors_text":2389,"tags":2390,"url":2394,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2395,"theme":2396,"country":2397},349,"ac22thky4x7z75eencswffsb","Protecting health from climate change: vulnerability and adaptation assessment","This document is designed to provide basic and flexible guidance on conducting a national or subnational assessment of current and future vulnerability (i.e. the susceptibility of a population or region to harm) to the health risks of climate change, and of policies and programmes that could increase resilience, taking into account the multiple determinants of climate-sensitive health outcomes.","World Health Organization",[2391,2393],{"tag":2392},"health",{"tag":437},"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/protecting-health-from-climate-change-vulnerability-and-adaptation-assessment",{"type":353},{"theme":2351},{"name":220},{"id":2399,"documentId":2400,"title":2401,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2402,"date":2403,"authors_text":2404,"tags":2405,"url":2407,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2408,"theme":2409,"country":2410},351,"fns68basgvxiybkynlbz53b9","Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: An Evolution of Conceptual Thinking","Vulnerability is an emerging concept for climate science and policy. Over the past decade, efforts to assess vulnerability to climate change triggered a process of theory development and assessment practice, which is reflected in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This paper reviews the historical development of the conceptual ideas underpinning assessments of vulnerability to climate change. We distinguish climate impact assessment, first- and second-generation vulnerability assessment, and adaptation policy assessment. The different generations of assessments are described by means of a conceptual framework that defines key concepts of the assessment and their analytical relationships. The purpose of this conceptual framework is two-fold: first, to present a consistent visual glossary of the main concepts underlying the IPCC approach to vulnerability and its assessment; second, to show the evolution of vulnerability assessments. This evolution is characterized by the progressive inclusion of non-climatic determinants of vulnerability to climate change, including adaptive capacity, and the shift from estimating expected damages to attempting to reduce them. We hope that this paper improves the understanding of the main approaches to climate change vulnerability assessment and their evolution, not only within the climate change community but also among researchers from other scientific communities, who are sometimes puzzled by the unfamiliar use of technical terms in the context of climate change.","2006-04-01","Hans-Martin Füssel, Richard J. T. Klein ",[2406],{"tag":2379},"https://link.springer.com/Article/10.1007/s10584-006-0329-3",{"type":336},{"theme":2351},{"name":220},{"id":2412,"documentId":2413,"title":2414,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2415,"date":2416,"authors_text":2417,"tags":2418,"url":2429,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2430,"theme":2431,"country":2432},353,"ktvc94jls3oiix2kd0gz13y4","Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change for Bangladesh","Bangladesh faces many challenges. So long it has been mainly the traditional ones of socio­ economic development and eradication of poverty. Environment as a major factor in this process has only recently entered the scene. But even before environmental considerations in the development process has become the normal practice, the spectre of climate change has reared its ugly head. While Bangladesh is not unique among developing countries in being at the receiving end regarding the causes and consequences of climate change, both in the literal and allegorical sense of the term, the fact remains that it has made the prospects for sustainable socio-economic development in the country much more complex and formidable than before. Both for her own sake and the sake of the global community at large, therefore, Bangladesh has to initiate actions at various levels to face the challenge from now on. The present study is a part of that process. In 1996, the Governments of USA and Bangladesh together decided to initiate a comprehensive study on climate change in Bangladesh. A unique consortium of public and non-governmental research organisations with support from the relevant administrative arms of the Government carried out the study over 1996 and 1997. The report has been accepted by the Government and several of its recommendations are in the process of implementation. While the direction of climate change is broadly certain, its details leave much scope for speculation and interpretation.","1999-04-01","S. Huq, Z. Karim, M. Asaduzzaman, F. Mahtab",[2419,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428],{"tag":1268},{"tag":2421},"hydrogeology",{"tag":2423},"erosion",{"tag":2425},"ecotoxicology",{"tag":2427},"ecosystem",{"tag":437},"https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-015-9325-0#keywords",{"type":961},{"theme":2351},{"name":20},{"id":2434,"documentId":2435,"title":2436,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2437,"date":2065,"authors_text":2438,"tags":2439,"url":2448,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2449,"theme":2450,"country":2451},355,"rimlwv93rk5s8lnfy3prg8rs","Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability","The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific literature relevant to climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The report recognizes the interactions of climate, ecosystems and biodiversity, and human societies, and integrates across the natural, ecological, social and economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in adaptation and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together in a process called climate resilient development, which enables a liveable future for biodiversity and humankind. The IPCC is the leading body for assessing climate change science. IPCC reports are produced in comprehensive, objective and transparent ways, ensuring they reflect the full range of views in the scientific literature. Novel elements include focused topical assessments, and an atlas presenting observed climate change impacts and future risks from global to regional scales. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.","IPCC",[2440,2442,2444,2446],{"tag":2441},"Earth and Environmental Sciences",{"tag":2443},"Economics and Law",{"tag":2445},"Climatology and Climate Change,",{"tag":2447},"Environmental Policy","https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability/161F238F406D530891AAAE1FC76651BD#fndtn-information",{"type":353},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2453,"documentId":2454,"title":2455,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2456,"date":2457,"authors_text":2458,"tags":2459,"url":2468,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2469,"theme":2470,"country":2471},357,"p1pzxxi2uzorvch7d0cxfl1j","Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment: An Evaluation of Social Dimension","Climate change vulnerability is the function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of its natural and socioeconomic systems. Following spatial “scale” of the assessment, administrative-territorial units were selected for this study. A field survey questionnaire was used to collect data for the study based on the sample size of 500 questionnaires that was administered to household heads in the study area. In the questionnaire, questions were designed to give respondents the opportunity to choose from several alternatives given in the instrument while descriptive statistics was for the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics analysis based on mean ranking was carried out to identify the level of peoples’ vulnerability to climate change in the study area. The exposure assessment was based on the response analysis of baseline information. The sensitivity assessment for the study was analyzed by using physiographical and socioeconomic characteristics, described by a set of specific indicators and responses of the residents. The adaptive capacity was captured by general economic and agricultural indicators, taking into consideration the major occupation the predominant lifestyle of the residents. Through a ranking approach, the relative vulnerability of each ATU was calculated by summing its sensitivity and adaptive capacity ranks; the latter were obtained as combinations of their primary indicator ranks, arranged in an increasing and decreasing order, respectively. The major climate change exposure pathway in the study area were reduction in green environment, decrease in total annual rainfall, warmer weather, early cessation of rainfall, late on-set of rainfall and shrinkage of water bodies. The major sensitivity to climate change was decrease in crop yield, whereas increase in cost of food crops, drought incidents, famine, poverty, indiscriminate falling down of trees and disaster. It was also established that the major adaptive strategies to climate change in the study area were irrigation farming, use of organic manure, planting of drought tolerant varieties and early planting.","2022-04-01","Auwal Garba, Bukar Abba Gana, Isah Mohammed, Haruna Adamu",[2460,2462,2463,2465,2467],{"tag":2461},"Assessment",{"tag":502},{"tag":2464},"Sensitivity",{"tag":2466},"Nigeria",{"tag":1035},"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360867003_Climate_Change_Vulnerability_Assessment_An_Evaluation_of_Social_Dimension",{"type":336},{"theme":2351},{"name":2466},{"id":2473,"documentId":2474,"title":2475,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2476,"date":2375,"authors_text":2477,"tags":2478,"url":2480,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2481,"theme":2483,"country":2484},359,"ivc9bcmv88oa6x4pksjvuylg","Designing Climate Vulnerability Assessments","This document can be used as a guide and provides examples on methods for CVAs that effectively address specific goals and development challenges. The first section provides an overview of typical CVA objectives and summarizes relevant vulnerability assessment methods to orient the reader to the elements of a CVA. The second section provides a decision tree to guide users through typical CVA questions and objectives, and then tailored information on approaches, inputs, user considerations and additional resources. It also examines two examples of previously conducted CVAs to highlight the methods, inputs and outputs of real-world vulnerability assessments.","Yoon Kim and Alejandra Calzada, Owen Scott and Fernanda Zermoglio",[2479],{"tag":2379},"https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2018_USAID-ATLAS-Project_Designing-Climate-Vulnerability-Assessments.pdf",{"type":2482},"Technical Manual",{"theme":2351},{"name":220},{"id":2486,"documentId":2487,"title":2488,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2489,"date":895,"authors_text":2490,"tags":2491,"url":2496,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2497,"theme":2499,"country":2500},361,"un04sk454auj0y558dl9wkl3","10 Things to Know About Climate Finance: 2024 New Collective Quantified Goal Edition","10 Things to Know about Climate Finance: 2024 New Collective Quantified Goal Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the state of climate finance, focusing on the critical role of multilateral climate funds in supporting developing countries' efforts to address climate change. It highlights the importance of the new collective quantified goal (NCQG) on climate finance, which must be set by 2025, and emphasizes the need for equitable and effective NCQG design and operationalization. The publication delves into various aspects of climate finance, including the contributions of developed and developing countries, the doubling of adaptation finance through multilateral climate funds, the dominance of grant finance for the most vulnerable countries, and the integration of human rights and gender considerations. It also discusses the need to address climate finance orphans, the prioritization of the energy sector in mitigation finance, the establishment of a new loss and damage fund, and the progress made in enhancing climate finance access. The publication concludes by highlighting the Green Climate Fund's lead as the largest multilateral climate fund and the lessons that can be drawn from its experience to inform the NCQG.","Charlene Watson, Liane Schalatek",[2492,2494],{"tag":2493},"climate finance infographics",{"tag":2495},"climate finance policies","https://us.boell.org/en/2024/03/21/10-things-know-about-climate-finance-2024-new-collective-quantified-goal-edition",{"type":2498},"Infographic Report",{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2502,"documentId":2503,"title":2504,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2505,"date":895,"authors_text":2506,"tags":2507,"url":2521,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2522,"theme":2523,"country":2524},363,"c9hx4d4r0vg88dh162obfetu","A transition approach to poverty reduction and climate finance: The missing link to implementation","The present paper is a product of the Global Council for Sustainable Development Goal 1. It proposes principles and a framework to guide policy and financing options on adapting to life in a changing climate and a green transition, while achieving poverty reduction goals. These principles reveal the need to take specific development contexts into account when designing strategies, policies and financing options.","Susanna Gable, Fiona Bayat-Renoux, Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez, Jamal Saghir, Kevin Chika Urama, Bambang Widianto, Mahmoud Mohieldin",[2508,2509,2511,2512,2513,2515,2517,2519],{"tag":2086},{"tag":2510},"Resources allocation",{"tag":1035},{"tag":919},{"tag":2514},"Programme implementation",{"tag":2516},"Economic growth",{"tag":2518},"Green economy",{"tag":2520},"Poverty mitigation","https://www.unescwa.org/publications/transition-approach-towards-poverty-reduction-climate-finance",{"type":353},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2526,"documentId":2527,"title":2528,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2529,"date":895,"authors_text":2530,"tags":2531,"url":2536,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2537,"theme":2538,"country":2539},365,"alzo356pu5cpgeszl6sutzsm","Results of the Survey on Financial Regulators’ Initiatives Regarding Corporate Climate-Related Disclosures: ADBI–ADB Climate Finance Dialogue Progress Report","For the first time, at the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28), an agreement was reached to transition away from fossil fuels, triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030, and double global average energy efficiency, among other measures, in order to limit the global average temperature increase agreed in the Paris Agreement. Therefore, all participating economies are urged to expedite concrete actions in line with these commitments","Shirai, SayuriDang, Le Ngoc",[2532,2534],{"tag":2533},"climate finance dialogue",{"tag":2535},"climate finance regulators","https://www.adb.org/publications/results-of-the-survey-on-financial-regulators-initiatives-regarding-corporate-climate-related-disclosures-adbi-adb-climate-finance-dialogue-progress-report",{"type":88},{"theme":375},{"name":1953},{"id":2541,"documentId":2542,"title":2543,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2544,"date":2545,"authors_text":2546,"tags":2547,"url":2559,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2560,"theme":2561,"country":2562},367,"ivphupdwg9cfw7c8bj9xohv4","Delivering real change: getting international climate finance to the local level","With the rapid ratification of the Paris Agreement, international climate funds will be important in scaling-up developing countries climate action. Evidence shows climate finance reaching the local level as part of a coherent approach to climate action – delivers effective, efficient and sustainable results that enhance the impact of each dollar disbursed. This working paper explores the flows of climate finance within the main international climate funds, to understand how effective they are in getting finance to the local level and what design features enable or prevent local financing. It distils lessons from development funds that are experienced in local financing. It concludes by highlighting the ways in which local climate financing can be enhanced – to further improve the effectiveness of aid.","2017-04-01","Marek Soanes, Neha Rai, Paul Steele, Clare Shakya, James MacGregor",[2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558],{"tag":2549},"Accountability",{"tag":2551},"Transparency",{"tag":2553},"Financing for development",{"tag":2555},"Financing Local Adaptation",{"tag":2557}," Local ownership",{"tag":218},"https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/10178IIED.pdf",{"type":238},{"theme":375},{"name":2563},"Kenya & Bangladesh",{"id":2565,"documentId":2566,"title":2567,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2568,"date":2065,"authors_text":2569,"tags":2570,"url":2573,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2574,"theme":2576,"country":2577},369,"wxym0kqvd1qing2mnq0c0u3v","Making climate finance fit for a world in conflict","International trends show that conflict and instability are increasing.1 Countries affected by violent conflict are among the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, but receive the least climate finance to help their populations adapt to climate change2 and address loss and damage. The finance these countries do receive, if poorly suited to their circumstances, can make conflict worse, and make them even more vulnerable to climate impacts.","Harriet Mackaill-Hill",[2571],{"tag":2572},"climate finance reccomendations","https://www.international-alert.org/publications/making-climate-finance-fit-for-a-world-in-conflict/",{"type":2575},"Policy Note",{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2579,"documentId":2580,"title":2581,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2582,"date":895,"authors_text":2583,"tags":2584,"url":2586,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2587,"theme":2589,"country":2590},371,"pug9d5m4s29mi1ktxleja8dl","A new goal for climate finance","To fix climate finance, we need a new, more ambitious and clearly defined goal 2024 is a critical year for climate finance. One of the key areas of focus for negotiations in COP29 will be setting a new and more ambitious climate finance target. This new goal is known as New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG).","Christian Aid",[2585],{"tag":375},"https://actionaid.org/sites/default/files/publications/A%20new%20goal%20for%20climate%20finance%20-%20Christian-Aid_0.pdf",{"type":2588},"blog post",{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2592,"documentId":2593,"title":2594,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2595,"date":895,"authors_text":2596,"tags":2597,"url":2599,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2600,"theme":2601,"country":2602},373,"vyxt8dswt6f3sucvdher4i43","The IMF: Prioritising debt repayment over climate action","An unfair debt architecture is a major driver of the climate crisis. But it is being perversely pushed by the IMF and wealthy countries as part of their contribution in addressing climate change.","ActionAid International, Power Shift Africa",[2598],{"tag":375},"https://actionaid.org/sites/default/files/publications/The%20IMF%20-%20Prioritising%20debt%20repayment%20over%20climate%20action%20-%20ActionAid%2C%20Power%20Shift%20Africa%2C%20Re-Course.pdf",{"type":2588},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2604,"documentId":2605,"title":2606,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2607,"date":895,"authors_text":2608,"tags":2609,"url":2611,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2612,"theme":2613,"country":2614},375,"f48t6yixsp1yti4rvdjrpwm7","The Nexus of Climate and Monetary Policy: Evidence from the Middle East and Central Asia","This paper investigates the effects of climate shocks on inflation and monetary policy in the Middle East and Central Asia (ME&CA) region. We first introduce a theoretical model to understand the impact of climate risks on headline and food inflation. In particular, the model shows how climate shocks could affect the path of policy rates through food prices. We then use local projections to estimate the impact of climate shocks on headline and food inflation. The results show that price stability is more easily achievable under positive climate conditions. Overall, our findings shed new light on the importance of considering climate-related supply shocks when designing monetary policy, particularly in countries where food makes up a significant part of the CPI-basket.","Nordine Abidi ; Mehdi El Herradi ; Boriana Yontcheva ; Ananta Dua",[2610],{"tag":375},"https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2024/04/26/The-Nexus-of-Climate-and-Monetary-Policy-Evidence-from-the-Middle-East-and-Central-Asia-548364",{"type":238},{"theme":375},{"name":2615},"Middle East and Central Asia",{"id":2617,"documentId":2618,"title":2619,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2620,"date":895,"authors_text":2621,"tags":2622,"url":2625,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2626,"theme":2627,"country":2628},377,"ckyqkdshtlfszfpub5xn0dyt","State and Trends in Climate Adaptation Finance 2024","This report assesses the state of adaptation finance globally and in Africa.","Global Centre on Adaptation",[2623],{"tag":2624},"Climate finance 2024","https://gca.org/reports/state-and-trends-in-climate-adaptation-finance-2024/",{"type":353},{"theme":375},{"name":2629},"Global (focus on Africa)",{"id":2631,"documentId":2632,"title":2633,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2634,"date":895,"authors_text":2635,"tags":2636,"url":2646,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2647,"theme":2649,"country":2650},379,"iqjlccz4yhfynajilntt4crq","2024 – A Leap Year for Climate Finance?","2024 is an important year for climate and sustainable development finance, with the topic being on the agenda for several different policy processes.","Soenke Kreft, Magdalena Mirwald, Alexandra Mieth",[2637,2638,2640,2642,2644],{"tag":1604},{"tag":2639},"Public Finance",{"tag":2641},"Multilateralism",{"tag":2643}," Finance",{"tag":2645},"Economic policy","https://unu.edu/ehs/series/2024-leap-year-climate-finance",{"type":2648},"Blog Post",{"theme":272},{"name":220},{"id":2652,"documentId":2653,"title":2654,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2655,"date":895,"authors_text":2656,"tags":2657,"url":2661,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2662,"theme":2663,"country":2664},381,"k4rivi94tzrfzk15lvopikn6","The economic commitment of climate change","Global projections of macroeconomic climate-change damages typically consider impacts from average annual and national temperatures over long time horizons. Here we use recent empirical findings from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years to project sub-national damages from temperature and precipitation, including daily variability and extremes","Maximilian Kotz, Anders Levermann & Leonie Wenz",[2658,2659,2660],{"tag":375},{"tag":437},{"tag":2039},"https://www.nature.com/Articles/s41586-024-07219-0",{"type":336},{"theme":1957},{"name":220},{"id":2666,"documentId":2667,"title":2668,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2669,"date":895,"authors_text":2670,"tags":2671,"url":2673,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2674,"theme":2675,"country":2676},383,"inb4i5kedi1l99uuintjubru","Climate Risk Landscape Report 2024","The 2024 Climate Risk Landscape Report serves as a comprehensive resource delving into the available tools for financial institutions to assess physical and transition climate risks and boost their institution’s resilience to related impacts. This edition provides best practices for tool utilisation, case studies, and recommendations to navigate the dynamic climate risk tools market. It also offers insights into the rapidly evolving regulatory developments around climate-related disclosure frameworks and recent market developments.    ","David Carlin, Wenmin Li, Lea Lorkowski, Hiu-Yan Cheng",[2672],{"tag":1436},"https://www.unepfi.org/themes/climate-change/2024-climate-risk-landscape/",{"type":353},{"theme":1957},{"name":220},{"id":2678,"documentId":2679,"title":2680,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2681,"date":895,"authors_text":2682,"tags":2683,"url":2686,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2687,"theme":2688,"country":2689},385,"e2qejwo6n4u8w26xek6tom1x","Climate finance for Africa requires overcoming bottlenecks in domestic capacity","There is a large potential for renewable energy in Africa; however, the limited ability to attract investment, reflected in the relatively high cost of capital, prohibits the transformation of energy systems across the continent.","Rabah Arezki",[2684,2685],{"tag":375},{"tag":694},"https://www.nature.com/Articles/s41558-021-01191-7",{"type":336},{"theme":272},{"name":694},{"id":2691,"documentId":2692,"title":2693,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2694,"date":895,"authors_text":2695,"tags":2696,"url":2698,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2699,"theme":2700,"country":2701},389,"dzsv2zxqoy1yagnfw0091ysv","Developing countries can adapt to climate change effectively using nature-based solutions","Evidence on the effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions in low- and middle-income countries has been rapidly growing in recent years, particularly in the agricultural and coastal sectors. Here we address the question of whether results are consistent across intervention types, and risk reduction versus development-related outcomes using a systematic review of 363 empirical observations published in the scientific literature. Generally, we found more evidence of risk reduction outcomes in the coastal sector than in the agricultural sector, and more evidence of development-related outcomes in the agricultural sector. Further, results indicate that nature-based solutions have the strongest positive effects for both the coastal and agricultural sectors. Social/behavioural interventions in the coastal sector show negative effects on development-related outcomes that will need to be further tested. Taken together, our results highlight the opportunity for development and climate adaptation practitioners to promote adaptation interventions with co-benefits beyond risk reduction, particularly in the case of nature-based solutions.","Sergio Villamayor-Tomas, Alexander Bisaro, Kevin Moull, Amaia Albizua, Isabel Mank, Jochen Hinkel, Gerald Leppert & Martin Noltze ",[2697],{"tag":346},"https://www.nature.com/Articles/s43247-024-01356-0",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":220},{"id":2703,"documentId":2704,"title":2705,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2706,"date":2065,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2707,"url":2709,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2710,"theme":2711,"country":2712},391,"k82or0jxlm9vgmhwd8x3gh6n","Scaling Up the Mobilisation of Private Finance for Climate Action in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers, Green Finance and Investment","This report explores evidence-based action areas to increase and accelerate the mobilisation of private finance for climate action in developing countries, and the role of international public finance providers in doing so. It draws on best-available data to provide disaggregated analysis of the sectoral, geographic and other features of private finance mobilised by public climate finance and presents key economy-wide, sector-specific, and institutional challenges to private finance mobilisation. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights related to mobilising private finance for climate action in developing countries more broadly.",[2708],{"tag":375},"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/scaling-up-the-mobilisation-of-private-finance-for-climate-action-in-developing-countries_17a88681-en",{"type":353},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2714,"documentId":2715,"title":2716,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2717,"date":2065,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2718,"url":2720,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2721,"theme":2722,"country":2723},393,"lg8eojtbbztbb13s5a3dmgdm","Scaling Up Adaptation Finance in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers, Green Finance and Investment","This report analyses current trends of adaptation finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries. It explores potential action areas for international providers to scale up funding for climate change adaptation, including by unlocking the potential of the private sector. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights to the broader and longer-term objective of supporting developing countries’ ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change.",[2719],{"tag":375},"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/scaling-up-adaptation-finance-in-developing-countries_b0878862-en",{"type":353},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2725,"documentId":2726,"title":2727,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2728,"date":2284,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2729,"url":2731,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2732,"theme":2734,"country":2735},395,"uvuifhinn6q4baecon391psb","2020 Projections of Climate Finance Towards the USD 100 Billion Goal","The outcome of COP21 urged developed countries to scale up their level of financial support, over and above their initial finance pledges, with a concrete roadmap to achieve their USD 100 billion a year commitment by 2020. This note provides analytical support to country preparation of such a roadmap, assessing the scale of future climate finance as well as identifying and discussing some key uncertainties. It sets out the resulting projections for climate finance in 2020 along with the underlying assumptions and methodologies.",[2730],{"tag":375},"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/2020-projections-of-climate-finance-towards-the-usd-100-billion-goal_9789264274204-en",{"type":2733},"Technical Note",{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2737,"documentId":2738,"title":2739,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2740,"date":2341,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2741,"url":2743,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2744,"theme":2745,"country":2746},397,"a63e5uryv4budu97asxua3ni","Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-18","This report is an update with 2018 figures to the previous publication Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-17. It provides insights on the evolution of the following four components of climate finance over the period of 2013-2018: bilateral public climate finance, multilateral climate finance (attributed to developed countries), climate-related officially supported export credits, and private finance mobilised by developed countries public finance interventions. Building on past work, the report deepens the analysis by providing not only aggregate figures but also a further breakdown in terms of recipients and characteristics of climate finance commitments.",[2742],{"tag":375},"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by-developed-countries-in-2013-18_f0773d55-en",{"type":353},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2748,"documentId":2749,"title":2750,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2751,"date":1333,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2752,"url":2754,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2755,"theme":2756,"country":2757},399,"d1bhpkwv12q5c7sqpgx9ut0z","Forward-looking Scenarios of Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2021-2025","This technical note presents two forward-looking scenarios for climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries in the context of the USD 100 billion goal set under the UNFCCC. The analysis of public climate finance provided is based on the stated intentions, pledges and targets of individual developed countries and multilateral development banks, as submitted for the specific purpose of this exercise. It also relies on analytical steps and methodological assumptions to make this information compatible with the accounting framework and scope of the goal. The two scenarios include further assumptions on both the level of private finance mobilised by this public finance and of climate-related export credits. Canada and Germany requested the OECD to conduct this analysis as an input to the Delivery Plan towards the USD 100 billion goal prepared by developed countries prior to COP26.",[2753],{"tag":375},"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/forward-looking-scenarios-of-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by-developed-countries-in-2021-2025_a53aac3b-en",{"type":2733},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2759,"documentId":2760,"title":2750,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2751,"date":1333,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2761,"url":2754,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2763,"theme":2764,"country":2765},401,"woqa72tjtz58qhnnbenuomnw",[2762],{"tag":375},{"type":2733},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2767,"documentId":2768,"title":2769,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2770,"date":2065,"authors_text":1588,"tags":2771,"url":2773,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2774,"theme":2776,"country":2777},403,"gxnnlw8icfm6xqd02b00b81w","Assessing net-zero metrics for financial institutions","Financial markets need clear information and credible metrics to inform climate-related investment and financing decisions. This report explores key challenges and opportunities related to the transparency, specificity and integrity of metrics to support the monitoring of financial institutions’ net-zero commitments. It provides an assessment of metrics put forward in five voluntary frameworks, identifies the type of information and metrics proposed, their common themes and gaps, as well as limitations in underlying methodological guidance that may hinder financial institutions’ ability to report and disclose metrics. The report highlights a need both for continued efforts to develop robust metrics and incentivise improved data disclosure, as well as for international co-operation to reduce fragmentation and provide further transparency on the scope of metrics and underlying methodologies.",[2772],{"tag":375},"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/assessing-net-zero-metrics-for-financial-institutions_dedcfe56-en",{"type":2775},"Policy Paper",{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2779,"documentId":2780,"title":2781,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2782,"date":2358,"authors_text":2783,"tags":2784,"url":2794,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2795,"theme":2796,"country":2797},405,"oayf1ov06rnjaes1ztnyig1y","Tracking finance flows towards assessing their consistency with climate objectives","Achieving a low-greenhouse gas (GHG) development requires making finance flows consistent with this objective. In order to measure progress to date as well as inform future public action in this area, this paper calls for further efforts to track gross primary investments flows in new infrastructure and equipment and the refurbishment of such assets, as well underlying sources of finance. The proposed scope focuses on tangible fixed assets with a direct and significant impact on GHG emissions.","Raphaël Jachnik, Mariana Mirabile and Alexander Dobrinevski",[2785,2787,2788,2790,2792],{"tag":2786}," investment",{"tag":437},{"tag":2789},"data",{"tag":2791},"finance flows",{"tag":2793},"measurement","https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/tracking-finance-flows-towards-assessing-their-consistency-with-climate-objectives_82cc3a4c-en",{"type":238},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2799,"documentId":2800,"title":2801,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2802,"date":895,"authors_text":2803,"tags":2804,"url":2806,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2807,"theme":2808,"country":2809},407,"v0b02uyitcf2zsgx3i94ecck","Report on the monitoring of climate-related risk to financial stability","The Commission publishes a report on the monitoring of climate risks to financial stability in the EU. It takes stock of analytical work and policy responses carried out by the EU so far. The report is part of an ongoing learning process by regulators, supervisors and industry.","Directorate-General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union",[2805],{"tag":375},"https://finance.ec.europa.eu/publications/report-monitoring-climate-related-risk-financial-stability_en",{"type":353},{"theme":375},{"name":2810},"Europe",{"id":2812,"documentId":2813,"title":2814,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2815,"date":895,"authors_text":2816,"tags":2817,"url":2819,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2820,"theme":2821,"country":2822},417,"d2h1tu51hpa02jahy1l0wl5z","Do policy uncertainty and ESG sentiment drive ESG commitment of green funds?","In this study, we examine the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) sentiment on the motivation of green funds (GFs) to pursue ESG objectives. We use data on US mutual funds that market themselves as having socially responsible investment (SRI) mandates (hereafter green funds) and find that managers increase their ESG practices in the subsequent year when EPU or investor’s attention to ESG issue rise. Interestingly, this pattern remains unchanged during crisis period (Covid-19 pandemic), although the marginal effect is much more lower. Our results show also that higher performance (alphas) decreases the ESG commitment of green funds in the subsequent year. Our findings suggest that policy uncertainty and ESG sentiment affect the motivations of green funds to pursue ESG objectives.","Manel Kammoun, Djerry C. Tandja M, Naceur Essaddam",[2818],{"tag":375},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S2949728024000142",{"type":336},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2824,"documentId":2825,"title":2826,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2827,"date":895,"authors_text":2828,"tags":2829,"url":2831,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2832,"theme":2833,"country":2834},409,"ew3x9q12xtgch4bfapvqlg8y","Climate risk and future stock price crash: Evidence from U.S. firms","This study investigates the impact of climate risks on stock prices and explores the measures that corporate managers may take to stabilize their company's stock price in response to unexpected climate risks. We analyze a sample of U.S. firms from 1996 to 2022 and find that firms located in disaster-prone counties are associated with a higher risk of stock market crashes. The results indicate that firms exposed to climate risks are more likely to experience unexpected earnings and breaks in earnings strings. While earnings management can sometimes provide short-term benefits, it can also lead to long-term risks and negative consequences on stock price crashes. Moreover, mature firms and firms with higher CEO pay-performance sensitivity are more susceptible to stock market crashes. The findings suggest that climate risk can induce short-term thinking among managers, affecting market valuation. By shedding light on the complex relationship between climate risks and financial risks, this study can inform responsible investment strategies and corporate governance policies that promote transparency, accountability, and long-term value creation.","Xiaoyu Dong, Lewis Liu",[2830],{"tag":375},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S2949728023000081",{"type":336},{"theme":375},{"name":1807},{"id":2836,"documentId":2837,"title":2838,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2839,"date":895,"authors_text":2840,"tags":2841,"url":2843,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2844,"theme":2845,"country":2846},411,"c7oczwcytlit7dmj8zymms8g","Climate change opportunity and corporate investment: Global evidence","This paper investigates the impact of climate change opportunity on corporate investment using firm-level data from 34 countries between 2001 and 2021. There is strong evidence suggesting that firms exposed to climate change opportunities are significantly encouraged to increase investment, and the effect varies considerably across industries. We also find that the effect is more pronounced in countries with higher level of financial development and for companies that are financially unconstrained. Furthermore, the results suggest that companies finance their new investment by issuing long-term debt and carrying internal funds in response to climate change-related opportunities.","Rufei Ma, Ruicai Yuan, Xinxin Fu",[2842],{"tag":375},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Article/abs/pii/S2949728023000093",{"type":336},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2848,"documentId":2849,"title":2850,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2851,"date":895,"authors_text":2852,"tags":2853,"url":2855,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2856,"theme":2857,"country":2858},413,"oxr5lik7jali004yb30i1pcm","The G20 climate funds review must help finance reach the local level","The G20 is examining ways to improve the impact of the world's multilateral climate funds, aiming to make it easier for global South countries to access finance for climate action. Paul Mitchell and Pia Treichel make four recommendations to improve the system and increase accessibility for the communities on the front lines of the climate crisis.","Paul Mitchell, Pia Treichel",[2854],{"tag":375},"https://www.iied.org/g20-climate-funds-review-must-help-finance-reach-local-level",{"type":2588},{"theme":375},{"name":2859},"Global south",{"id":2861,"documentId":2862,"title":2567,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2568,"date":2065,"authors_text":2569,"tags":2863,"url":2573,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2865,"theme":2866,"country":2867},419,"kqujkj3ar9neylg07oseoihj",[2864],{"tag":2572},{"type":2575},{"theme":375},{"name":220},{"id":2869,"documentId":2870,"title":2871,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2872,"date":895,"authors_text":2873,"tags":2874,"url":2877,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2878,"theme":2880,"country":2882},420,"ugexp4rz7gd9t9elqliiuxql","Climate Change Adaptation: Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) and Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF)","This publication explains the two funding windows and details two SCCF climate adaptation projects.","GEF Secretariat",[2875,2876],{"tag":375},{"tag":992},"https://www.thegef.org/newsroom/publications/sccf-serving-adaptation-needs-sids-and-enhancing-technology-transfer-private",{"type":2879},"Informative Booklet",{"theme":2881},"climate finance and adaptation",{"name":220},{"id":2884,"documentId":2885,"title":2886,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2887,"date":2888,"authors_text":2889,"tags":2890,"url":23,"file":2891,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2897,"theme":8,"country":2898},423,"j6h9fvyt8bcluxldka06tdra","Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Evaluation using HEC- RAS Modelling and Geospatial Tools in Lower Karnali River of Nepal","Flooding is one of the major natural hazards in Nepal, and most of the Terai region are flood prone areas. Among them Rajapur Municipality of Bardiya district is one of the highly flood risk areas. With the help of the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System), this research gives thorough hazard mapping and risk assessments in the downstream zone of the Karnali River Basin which is Rajapur Municipality for various return-period floods. The Karnali River was assessed throughout a ~38 km section from Chisapani to Nepal-India border. To perform hydrodynamic simulations, a time series of monthly discharge records from the Chisapani gauging station was used. Flooding conditions representing, 5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 200-year return periods (YRPs) were determined using Gumbel’s distribution with the highest daily average discharge of up 22,422 m3/s in 200 YRP. The area vulnerable to flooding in the study was carried out by household survey using (VRA) framework in Wards - 1, 3, 4, and 7 of the Municipality and risk maps were established using QGIS and HEC-RAS model. Flooding in agricultural land poses a high risk to food security, which directly impacts on residents’ livelihoods. Additionally, even after a five-year return period, the 2014 simulated flood (equal to a 100-YRP) had a significant impact on each ward and make them at high risk. In conclusion, this study can support in decision-making for better community settlement and the creation of flood control measures in Rajpur Municipality of the Bardiya district in the\nfuture.","2023-02-01","Laxmi Chhinal",[],{"id":998,"url":2892,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2893,"mime":28,"size":2894,"name":2895,"provider":31,"createdAt":2896,"updatedAt":2896},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Laxmi_Thesis_merged_e6b27762cc.pdf",{},5480.12,"Laxmi Thesis_merged.pdf","2026-04-06T10:04:54.375Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2900,"documentId":2901,"title":2902,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2903,"date":2904,"authors_text":2905,"tags":2906,"url":23,"file":2907,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2913,"theme":8,"country":2914},424,"h9a9y2c421mg8kqz3dhuksj4","Livelihood vulnerability and adaptive strategies assessment of farmers living in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya","Flood is one of the serious problems in Nepal and annually several people were killed particularly in Terai. However, the study related vulnerability of floods was very limited so far. Thus, this study was objectively carried out to assess the change in rainfall and climate variability, to assess the livelihood vulnerability of farmers against flood, and to assess the adaptive strategies of farmers against flooding in Rajapur, Bardiya.\nRajapur Municipality wards 1, 3, 4, and 7 were selected as the study site. The households were categorized into large, medium, and small farmers. Climate data like temperature and rainfall for 30 years were gathered and 160 household survey was conducted. In addition, four focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were conducted to collect data aiming to find the vulnerability and adaptation practices. The climatic data were analyzed using trend analysis and different indices. Similarly, the livelihood vulnerability index was used to analyze the context of vulnerability and descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the data related to adaptation strategies. The result showed that the annual yearly temperature was increased by 0.0084⁰C and a similar trend in temperature was seen in all the seasons except the post-monsoon season. The annual average rainfall was increased by 8.318mm/year. The winter and post-monsoon rainfall trends were found to be decreasing whereas the pre-monsoon and monsoon rainfall was found to be in increasing trend. The overall LVI calculated from the major components indicates that small farmers were the most vulnerable to climate change, followed by medium farmers and the least vulnerable were large farmers. The LVI-IPCC index also showed the same pattern, small farmers were the most vulnerable and large farmers were the least. The adaptation strategies of early warning system, shelter house, elevated tube wells, capacity building training, social networks and embankment construction were found to be significant one against the impacts of floods. This research will be useful for decision-makers and the scientific community to understand the vulnerability context of floods from Rajapur, Bardiya.","2022-07-01","Prajun Chapagain",[],{"id":814,"url":2908,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2909,"mime":28,"size":2910,"name":2911,"provider":31,"createdAt":2912,"updatedAt":2912},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Prajun_Thesis_merged_93c0107ef7.pdf",{},3595.39,"Prajun Thesis_merged.pdf","2026-04-06T10:06:38.559Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2916,"documentId":2917,"title":2918,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2919,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":2920,"url":2921,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2922,"theme":8,"country":8},467,"tab7qlm8lwv9igtaueichzt8","Climate Change and Sustainable Investing Specialization","Study the economics and finance of climate change. With this specialization, learners will gain a basic understanding of the science of climate change, which is a fundamental requirement for a good understanding of the pros and cons of different climate policies as well as a good understanding of the impact of climate change on companies and investment portfolios.\n\nDuration: 1 month \n\nDeadline: Flexible\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: EDHEC",[],"https://www.coursera.org/specializations/climatechangeandsustainableinvesting",{"type":910},{"id":2924,"documentId":2925,"title":2926,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2927,"date":2928,"authors_text":2929,"tags":2930,"url":23,"file":2944,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2950,"theme":8,"country":2951},425,"mx0v1ht40dutigo00u1qnsn7","Flood prediction using climate model in Rajapur municipality, Bardiya","Flooding refers to the condition where a certain area is partially or entirely submerged in water, which can occur naturally or as a result of human activities. Throughout history, rivers have been a critical source of energy, irrigation, hydroelectricity, and drinking water, but people living near rivers are often exposed to the danger of floods. Therefore, evaluating flood risk is essential for assessing the benefits of flood prevention methods and identifying any remaining hazards. Flood forecasting is a vital component of flood management and disaster risk reduction as it provides advance notice of flood events, protects people's lives and properties, and reduces the impacts of floods while improving the overall effectiveness of emergency response efforts. This study aims to predict future floods hazard zone in Rajapur municipality by using precipitation predicted by climate models This method can help manage weather fluctuations in the coming days and long-term climate shifts. The research focuses on predicting flooding in Rajapur through a flood inundation map, which can assist in understanding, assessing, and forecasting flood events and their effects on the Rajapur Municipality.\nHEC-HMS software is employed to construct the current hydrological model for the Karnali River basin. Utilizing a Python script with the CORDEX model, future precipitation data for the period 2022-2054 is projected, facilitating the estimation of future discharge within the HEC-HMS model. The HEC-RAS model is then utilized to create flood inundation maps for seven distinct flood return periods. These maps reveal that wards 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10, situated along the Karnali and Geruma Rivers, experience significant inundation during various return periods. The flood inundation maps provide valuable information for disaster preparedness, land-use planning, and decision-making to mitigate flood-related risks.","2023-09-01","Nisha Rai",[2931,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943],{"tag":2932},"CORDEX",{"tag":2934},"Climate model",{"tag":2936},"Inundation map",{"tag":2938},"HEC-RAS",{"tag":2940},"HEC-HMS",{"tag":2942},"Future Prediction",{"tag":2092},{"id":912,"url":2945,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2946,"mime":28,"size":2947,"name":2948,"provider":31,"createdAt":2949,"updatedAt":2949},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Nisha_Thesis_merged_8d2afaabac.pdf",{},7755.39,"Nisha Thesis_merged.pdf","2026-04-06T10:07:43.098Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2953,"documentId":2954,"title":2955,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2956,"date":2888,"authors_text":2957,"tags":2958,"url":23,"file":2966,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2972,"theme":8,"country":2973},426,"kdks1lbsk2qa0tyk2q50t8jl","Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Flood Affected and Non-affected Areas of Rajapur, Bardiya","Flood is one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters that affect billions of people worldwide. In Nepal, flood causes destruction of life and property in Terai region due to heavy seasonal rainfall. Flood changes the soil quality by altering the nutrient composition and by heavy sediment transport. In Rajapur, Bardiya, Karnali River in the west causes floods and inundation in fertile and cultivable land. Specific objectives of this research were to assess the physicochemical and biological properties of soil and compare the properties in flood-affected areas and non-affected areas. Soil nutrients were analyzed in lab, using Kjeldahl method for nitrogen, Modified Olsen’s bicarbonate method for phosphorus, Flame photometric method for potassium, Walkley and Black method for organic matter, pH meter for pH and moisture content, and Bouyoucos hydrometer method for soil texture.\nIn this research, the results showed that flood changes physicochemical properties in soil but the extent of the damage depends upon different factors like landforms, texture, and land use land cover. More specifically, the data reflected that nutrient contents were significantly different in agricultural area in active alluvial plain, where nitrogen decreased by 0.03 % in 0- 15 cm depth, phosphorus decreased by 4.12 kg/ha in 0-15 cm depth and 6.8 kg/ha in 15-30 cm, potassium increased by 102.14 kg/ha in 0-15 cm depth, and organic carbon decreased by 0.29% in flood-affected areas. But the nutrients were not significantly different in recent alluvial plain. The conclusion showed that flood did not necessary decrease the nutrient content and the impact was not consistent across different landform. This research provided a brief picture of nutrient content in soil in Rajapur, Bardiya, which can be a valuable tool for local farmers to determine the type of crops and need of suitable fertilizer for desired outcome.","Rakshya Khaitu",[2959,2960,2962,2964],{"tag":2092},{"tag":2961},"Impact of flood",{"tag":2963},"Nutrient Content",{"tag":2965},"Soil",{"id":1014,"url":2967,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2968,"mime":28,"size":2969,"name":2970,"provider":31,"createdAt":2971,"updatedAt":2971},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Rakshya_Thesis_merged_77a9036c7d.pdf",{},3424.53,"Rakshya Thesis_merged.pdf","2026-04-06T10:10:10.723Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2975,"documentId":2976,"title":2977,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":2978,"date":1573,"authors_text":2979,"tags":2980,"url":23,"file":2990,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":2996,"theme":8,"country":2997},427,"uxfalsh2nrjzk42u7owvs5w6","Coping with the flood impacts by locals of Rajapur, Bardiya, Nepal","The Rajapur Municipality is one of the major flood-prone sites of Nepal and communities are more vulnerable because of seasonal and unseasonal floods in rivers like Karnali and Geruwa. These floods have caused significant damage to property and infrastructure, and have displaced thousands of people. This study was aimed at investigating the impacts of floods on occupation, adaptation strategies, and socioeconomic implications of adaptation strategies in Rajapur, Bardiya. The study used a mixed approach, both qualitative and quantitative to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted relationship between floods and local communities. Data were collected from six flood-prone wards encompassing 262 households. According to the findings, farmers, a vulnerable group, were significantly affected by floods, which led to both temporary and long-term changes in their occupations. The limited options available, such as switching to day laborer jobs, highlight farmers’ difficulties in maintaining their livelihoods. On the other hand, occupations such as businessmen displayed higher levels of resilience, with the majority continuing their work despite temporary disruptions. The research highlights the diverse adaptive strategies employed by individuals in response to flood impacts, with learning new skills emerging as a crucial strategy. This adaptation strategy enables people to diversify their work options and lessen exposure to disruptions brought on by flooding. The report also highlights the important role that taking loans plays in helping flood-affected individuals recover financially. Migration also emerged as a prevalent adaptation approach, encompassing the continuation of previous occupations in new locations or the acquisition of new skills for different employment opportunities.\nThe thesis further explores the socioeconomic implications of various adaptation strategies employed by flood-affected families. Learning new skills emerged as an effective strategy, leading to increased income through expanded job opportunities. In contrast, reliance on loans resulted in lower income levels due to repayment obligations. The study examines the effect of adaptation techniques on living expenses, revealing that learning new skills and migrating after learning new skills are associated with higher expenses. In comparison, loan-dependent families prioritize essential needs, and day laborers face financial challenges. Moreover, the research uncovers the influence of adaptation strategies on educational outcomes. Learning new skills and migrating after learning new skills positively affect children's education, while loans have a slightly negative impact. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics between floods, occupation, adaptation strategies, and socioeconomic conditions. My findings suggest that there is a need for more research on the long-term effects of adaptation strategies on flood-affected communities.","Rabindra Prasad Ojha",[2981,2983,2985,2986,2988],{"tag":2982},"floods",{"tag":2984},"socioeconomic implications",{"tag":18},{"tag":2987},"occupation",{"tag":2989},"coping",{"id":1028,"url":2991,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":2992,"mime":28,"size":2993,"name":2994,"provider":31,"createdAt":2995,"updatedAt":2995},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Rabindra_Thesis_merged_6b5b6d082a.pdf",{},2741.41,"Rabindra Thesis_merged.pdf","2026-04-06T10:11:33.645Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":2999,"documentId":3000,"title":3001,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3002,"date":2904,"authors_text":3003,"tags":3004,"url":23,"file":3012,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3018,"theme":8,"country":3019},428,"kukeqpqg9gx1agi1h1n5zwui","Assessment of the flood-induced loss and damage to agricultural crops in Rajapur Bardiya","More frequent and severe extreme climate events have caused economic and non-economic losses and damages to local communities living in disaster-prone areas due to climate change. This study sought to understand the economic loss and damage to agriculture caused by the unseasonal flood that occurred on October 18–20, 2021 in the Rajapur Municipality alongside the bank of the Karnali River. The lower region of the Karnali basin where Rajapur Municipality lies often experiences floods. The Municipality is situated in between the two arms of the Karnali River and has a long history of flooding. Based on the household survey, FGD, KII, and secondary literature, the region witnessed floods in the years 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2020, and 2021. The study was mainly focused on the loss and damages experienced by small, medium, and large farmers residing along the bank of the Karnali River. The loss and damage were estimated mainly based on the proposed indicators by BIPAD (Building Information Platform against Disaster) in the agricultural sector. The selected indicators were agricultural land, paddy production, stored grains, livestock, and farm machinery. In 2021 October, due to the flooding event in Rajapur, the small farmers had a total economic loss of $ 21709.769 and medium farmers had a total economic loss of $50225.239 and large farmers had a total economic loss of 32393.491 in the agricultural sector. Among these production loss was $45888.774 in total.\n\nFrom the people’s perception, the 2021 October flood was the worst hit flood in terms of agricultural loss and damages as the flood swept away the paddy that was ready to be harvested. Small and medium farmer’s livelihood, income, and food security were found greatly impacted in compare to the large farmers. The study tried to explore the coping mechanisms of how the different farmers were coping with the loss and damages to support their livelihood and food security. They are dealing with L&D related to food security and income by buying rice, consuming wheat, education abandonment, loan taking, doing labor work, cultivating spring season rice, etc. The study also found that the adaptation measures like early warning system and embankment have helped them to prevent human casualties, however, it is challenging to control agriculture-based L&D.","Shristi Paudel",[3005,3007,3009,3010],{"tag":3006},"flood, loss and damage",{"tag":3008},"coping mechanisms",{"tag":615},{"tag":3011},"economic loss",{"id":1053,"url":3013,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":3014,"mime":28,"size":3015,"name":3016,"provider":31,"createdAt":3017,"updatedAt":3017},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Shristi_Thesis_merged_0084591920.pdf",{},4570.67,"Shristi Thesis_merged.pdf","2026-04-06T10:12:45.667Z",{"type":34},{"name":868},{"id":3021,"documentId":3022,"title":3023,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3024,"date":3025,"authors_text":8,"tags":3026,"url":3027,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3028,"theme":8,"country":8},429,"hyeb7dyz9kivzwn26y06reet","The Finance of Climate Change","This course covers the financial risks and opportunities of climate change and how companies can finance their green transition, for example by issuing green securities. You will also learn how financial intermediaries address climate change risks and why central banks are concerned about climate change.\n\n**Duration:** 7 hrs, self paced\n\n**Application deadline:** No deadline\n\n**Course Fee:** Free\n\n**Mode:** Virtual\n\n**Training provider:** EDHEC Business School","2026-04-06",[],"https://www.coursera.org/learn/the-finance-of-climate-change?action=enroll",{"type":910},{"id":3030,"documentId":3031,"title":3032,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3033,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3034,"url":3035,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3036,"theme":8,"country":8},479,"bvmcyxnvvcvotwoj2pfqt52w","Training in Financing tools against climate change","Description of the general overview of funding sources to fight climate change\n\nDuration: 2 weeks\n\nDeadline: October 2026\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: In person\n\nTraining Provider: CODEV",[],"https://www.codevformation.com/en/trainings/Financing-tools-against-climate-change.html",{"type":910},{"id":3038,"documentId":3039,"title":3040,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3041,"date":3042,"authors_text":3043,"tags":3044,"url":3054,"file":3055,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3061,"theme":8,"country":3062},433,"mew0b2kn17luz1xpph3921mq","Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Evaluation in the Lower Karnali River Basin of Nepal","This study presents flood hazard mapping and risk assessment using a hydrodynamic simulation in HEC-RAS tool, focusing on a 38 km stretch of the river from Chisapani to the Nepal-India border in the Lower Karnali River Basin (KRB). A time series of daily mean discharge records from the Chisapani gauging station was used for model simulations. Flood magnitudes of 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100- year return periods (YRPs) were estimated using Gumbel’s distribution, with the 100-YRP daily discharge of 20,343 m3/s. Field surveys were conducted in flood-prone areas of Rajapur Municipality using the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) framework. Results show that parts of Rajapur Municipality, Wards #1, #3, #4, and #7 are susceptible to inundation, even during normal flood events, with water depths reaching upto 10 m posing significant risk to the communities inhabiting in these areas. Agricultural land is particularly exposed, posing serious risks to food security and livelihoods. Moreover, even after a five-year return period, the 2014 flood simulations (equal to a 100-YRP) indicate that these wards remains highly vulnerable. This findings emphasizes the urgent need for improved settlement planning and the development of effective flood control measures in Rajpur Municipality.","2026-03-25","Laxmi Chhinal, Sudeep Thakuri, Ajay bhakta Mathema, Bipin Dulal, Sanjay Nath Khanal",[3045,3047,3049,3051,3052],{"tag":3046},"hazard mapping",{"tag":3048},"discharge",{"tag":3050},"return period",{"tag":2938},{"tag":3053},"risk","https://doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v19i1.92144",{"id":1083,"url":3056,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":3057,"mime":28,"size":3058,"name":3059,"provider":31,"createdAt":3060,"updatedAt":3060},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/2_Sudeep_Thakur_23_43_e5ac165c82.pdf",{},3278.38,"2.+Sudeep+Thakur+23-43.pdf","2026-04-07T15:22:29.283Z",{"type":336},{"name":868},{"id":3064,"documentId":3065,"title":3066,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3067,"date":3068,"authors_text":3069,"tags":3070,"url":3078,"file":3079,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3085,"theme":3086,"country":3087},434,"tfo23nv0g8r6jwwunmau3z22","Livelihood Vulnerability and Adaptive Strategies Assessment of Farmers Living in Rajapur Municipality, Bardiya, Nepal","Floods in the Terai region of Nepal cause substantial damage to property, increasing household indebtedness, disrupt sustainable livelihoods, and trigger migration. Despite the growing frequency and severity of floods, flood vulnerability remains under-researched.  This study assesses local climatic trends, livelihood vulnerability, and adaptation strategies among farmers in Wards 1, 3, 4, and 7 of Rajapur Municipality. Specifically, it analyzes local climate trends to determine hazard exposure and assesses the livelihood vulnerability of small, medium, and large farmers using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC frameworks. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of adaptation strategies adopted by these farmer groups in responding to climate-related hazards. It had combined 30 years of climate data with empirical evidence from 160 households, four focus group discussions, and five key informant interviews. Results indicated an average annual temperature increase of 0.0084 °C, with seasonally consistent warming trends, except during the post-monsoon period. Annual average rainfall increased by 8.318 mm annually, while seasonal patterns revealed declining winter and post-monsoon precipitation and rising pre-monsoon and monsoon rainfall. The data confirmed that the small farmers have the highest levels of vulnerability, followed by medium and large-scale farmers. Adaptation strategies identified as effective included early warning systems, flood shelters, raised tubewells, capacity-building programs, social networks, and river embankments. This finding contributed to a deeper understanding of flood-related livelihood vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in the region, providing evidence-based guidance for interventions and risk-reduction planning.","2026-03-03","Prajun Chapagain, Ram Asheshwar Mandal, Ajay Bhakta Mathema, Sudip Pandey, Sewak Bhatta",[3071,3072,3074,3076],{"tag":1035},{"tag":3073},"farmers’ livelihoods",{"tag":3075},"vulnerability, adaptation",{"tag":3077},"flood hazard","https://doi.org/10.66050/hk586293",{"id":1068,"url":3080,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":3081,"mime":28,"size":3082,"name":3083,"provider":31,"createdAt":3084,"updatedAt":3084},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/014_Paper_9eb399feeb.pdf",{},1580.8,"014.+Paper.pdf","2026-04-07T15:17:10.258Z",{"type":336},{"theme":346},{"name":868},{"id":3089,"documentId":3090,"title":3091,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3092,"date":3093,"authors_text":3094,"tags":3095,"url":23,"file":3096,"imageCover":3102,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3136,"theme":8,"country":8},435,"i3ulg2ikhc1nh6lm0gtzfx5r","Environment & Changing Climate 2025 Conference Proceedings","As global environmental challenges intensify, the urgency to align strategic climate governance with context-specific adaptation becomes increasingly evident. The Environment & Changing Climate: Global Strategies and Local Actions conference at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) brings together researchers, policymakers, community leaders, and innovators to explore multidisciplinary approaches to climate resilience.\n\nThrough thematic sessions, collaborative dialogue, and knowledge-sharing events, the conference aims to highlight strategies that bridge the gap between global commitments and grassroots action. By fostering partnerships, amplifying indigenous and community-based knowledge, and showcasing innovative practices, the event aims to generate actionable insights that advance environmental resilience, accelerate sustainable development, and strengthen our collective capacity to respond to the climate crisis.\n\nThis publication is based on the scientific works submitted to the “Environment and Changing Climate 2025” conference, spanning across key thematic areas, such as climate governance, locally-led adaptation, biodiversity and conservation, indigenous knowledge and nature-based adaptations, climate finance, and many more. By linking interdisciplinary research, rooted in localized knowledge, to policy action, the conference aims to support inclusive climate action in the Global South.  \n\n_The conference is organized by the Department of Environmental Science and Management at the Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), and is funded by the “Co-creating knowledge for local adaptation to climate change in least developed countries” (COLOCAL) project; part of the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation’s NORHED II 2021-2026 programme._","2025-11-19","K Ayaz Rabbani, Fatima Jahan Ena, Fahmid Mohtasin",[],{"id":1231,"url":3097,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":8,"height":8,"formats":3098,"mime":28,"size":3099,"name":3100,"provider":31,"createdAt":3101,"updatedAt":3101},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/Digital_Proceedings_ECC_25_v3_0de1135906.pdf",{},15148.24,"Digital Proceedings_ECC25_v3.pdf","2026-04-12T07:08:26.548Z",{"id":3103,"url":3104,"alternativeText":8,"caption":8,"width":3105,"height":3106,"formats":3107,"mime":72,"size":3133,"name":3134,"provider":31,"createdAt":3135,"updatedAt":3135},134,"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed.png",1920,1080,{"large":3108,"small":3115,"medium":3120,"thumbnail":3127},{"ext":69,"url":3109,"hash":3110,"mime":72,"name":3111,"path":8,"size":3112,"width":3113,"height":3114},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/large_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed.png","large_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed","large_ECC25 Proceedings Cover.png",421.36,1000,563,{"ext":69,"url":3116,"hash":3117,"mime":72,"name":3118,"path":8,"size":3119,"width":75,"height":1569},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/small_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed.png","small_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed","small_ECC25 Proceedings Cover.png",119.97,{"ext":69,"url":3121,"hash":3122,"mime":72,"name":3123,"path":8,"size":3124,"width":3125,"height":3126},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/medium_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed.png","medium_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed","medium_ECC25 Proceedings Cover.png",246.52,750,422,{"ext":69,"url":3128,"hash":3129,"mime":72,"name":3130,"path":8,"size":3131,"width":82,"height":3132},"https://genuine-baseball-c50454a875.media.strapiapp.com/thumbnail_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed.png","thumbnail_ECC_25_Proceedings_Cover_b9ebfb71ed","thumbnail_ECC25 Proceedings Cover.png",38.64,138,249.1,"ECC25 Proceedings Cover.png","2025-11-19T09:44:38.660Z",{"type":3137},"Conference Proceedings",{"id":3139,"documentId":3140,"title":3141,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3142,"date":1156,"authors_text":3143,"tags":3144,"url":3146,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3147,"theme":8,"country":8},437,"y20q4u92g7mdv1u4f7u9r7d1","2021 Joint Report on Multilateral Development Banks’ Climate Finance","The 11th edition of the Joint Report on Multilateral Development Banks’ Climate Finance is an overview of climate finance committed in 2021 by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB), the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDBG), the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and the World Bank Group (WBG). This year’s report also summarises information on climate finance tracking from the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB), presented separately from the joint figures.","European Investment Bank",[3145],{"tag":218},"https://www.eib.org/attachments/lucalli/mdbs_joint_report_2021_en.pdf",{"type":353},{"id":3149,"documentId":3150,"title":3151,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3152,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3153,"url":3154,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3155,"theme":8,"country":8},481,"b2lox4itry2gecrbybzjy5lw","Climate Policy and Public Finance","This tutorial aims to build understanding of the links between climate policy and public finance by using examples from Asia-Pacific region. The tutorial is divided into five sections, and it takes around 30 minutes to complete all sections.\n\nDuration: 1 hour self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: UN CC:Learn",[],"https://unccelearn.org/course/view.php?id=15&page=overview",{"type":910},{"id":3157,"documentId":3158,"title":3159,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3160,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3161,"url":3162,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3163,"theme":8,"country":8},439,"da2y1hunmrr2u68abr2fdkg0","Foundations of Climate and Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance (CDRFI) and Impactful Civil Society Engagement","This free, self-paced eLearning course gives a profound introduction to climate and disaster risk finance and insurance (CDRFI) and the political processes surrounding it. The course presents conceptual and policy frameworks, laying the ground for CDRFI, and shows how approaches in this context are functioning in practice. It further demonstrates how CDRFI can be integrated in national policy frameworks and provides insight on CSO engagement and advocacy strategies at the national, regional and international levels. Finally, it sheds light on potential benefits, limitations and challenges of CDRFI solutions. By the end of the course, learners should have more resources to engage in a meaningful and critical way in CDRFI programs. The main target group of this online course are civil society organizations that want to work in the field of CDRFI, but everyone interested in the topic is welcome to join this learning journey free of charge.\n\nDuration: 12 - 14 hrs, self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: United Nations University",[],"https://activities.ehs.unu.edu/ecampus/mod/page/view.php?id=2574",{"type":910},{"id":3165,"documentId":3166,"title":3167,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3168,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3169,"url":3170,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3171,"theme":8,"country":8},469,"n7e3b029fboc6c5y3oi43s5y","Climate Change: Financial Risks and Opportunities","Our aim is to help you answer a simple question: does climate risk matter to investors? We do this by defining the financial risks related to climate change and follow with the investment policies and risk management strategies that are taking shape. This programme is also a starting point for risk and strategy managers anticipating the impacts from the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures asking firms to disclose the climate risks they face. In short, the programme is a primer on how global capital markets are responding to the world’s greatest environmental risk.\n\nDuration: 4 weeks\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: Imperial College London",[],"https://www.edx.org/learn/climate-change/imperial-college-business-school-climate-change-financial-risks-and-opportunities",{"type":910},{"id":3173,"documentId":3174,"title":3175,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3176,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3177,"url":3178,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3179,"theme":8,"country":8},471,"qdjjbz68ao8ipol3iohktccs","CoM SSA climate finance course: An introductory guide to climate finance for African cities","The CoM SSA climate finance training course aims at strengthening the capacity of CoM SSA signatories to understand and access sources of finance that are relevant for their climate actions. Available in English and French, the online course consists of six modules of approximately 1-2 hours duration each.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: Covenant of Mayors in Sub-Saharan Africa",[],"https://learningportal.comssa.org/courses/com-ssa-finance-course/#learndash-course-content",{"type":910},{"id":3181,"documentId":3182,"title":3183,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3184,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3185,"url":3186,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3187,"theme":8,"country":8},473,"zts5gyqj7bmcz6sj0cf5aikw","Finding the Money – Financing Climate Action","The urgent climate action that the world needs requires significant financial resources. This course provides an overview of climate finance, including what it is, and how and where countries access different sources of financing.\n\nDuration: 0.45 hours\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: UN CC:Learn",[],"https://www.uncclearn.org/courses/finding-the-money-financing-climate-action/",{"type":910},{"id":3189,"documentId":3190,"title":3191,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3192,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3193,"url":3194,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3195,"theme":8,"country":8},475,"g422ju3jbtolj3u5e55hmg1b","Sustainable Finance: ESG and the Future of Finance","The application-focused programme is grounded in the world-leading, multi-disciplinary research and teaching expertise of the Oxford Sustainable Finance Group at the Oxford Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment. Through the programme, you’ll develop a foundational understanding of how financial institutions, capital, equity and debt markets function, and learn about ESG and the future of finance. You’ll explore how the financial system can become “greener”, the ways in which these changes can be implemented via innovative strategies and the financial opportunities and risks that may come from the transition to global environmental sustainability.\n\nDuration: 8 weeks\n\nDeadline: Flexible\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: Oxford Sustainable Finance Group",[],"https://onlinecourses.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/courses/sustainable-finance/",{"type":910},{"id":3197,"documentId":3198,"title":3199,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3200,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3201,"url":3202,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3203,"theme":8,"country":8},477,"s9p36z7sxm0u6ix7msp1m17y","Introduction to Sustainable Finance","The e-learning course provides technical knowledge on the contribution that sustainable finance can make to sustainable development, and on how sustainable finance may be deployed in the real-world policy or business context.\n\nDuration: 10 hours self-paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: UN CC:Learn",[],"https://unccelearn.org/course/view.php?id=139&page=overview",{"type":910},{"id":3205,"documentId":3206,"title":3207,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3208,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3209,"url":3210,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3211,"theme":8,"country":8},485,"db2qrxbf4xa8zfg6fmhb4p2e","Climate Finance Course","Financing the transition to a climate-resilient and low-carbon development remains a major challenge for most developing countries. This course aims to provide participants with the tools, methods, and approaches to access climate finance and invest in climate mitigation and adaptation actions. It will analyze the global climate finance landscape and present options and challenges for financing different countries' nationally determined contributions (NDC).\n\nDuration: 10 days\n\nDeadline: Recurrent\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: Both Available\n\nTraining Provider: InDepth Research Institute",[],"https://www.indepthresearch.org/course/climate-finance-course",{"type":910},{"id":3213,"documentId":3214,"title":3215,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3216,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3217,"url":3218,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3219,"theme":8,"country":8},487,"cmtv8oejqurx4elyza9outpq","ESG and Climate Change","By the end of this course, you will have a thorough understanding of public and private environmental governance, the financial risks that unmitigated climate change is creating, climate disclosures, and innovative ways that business leaders can view and implement climate solutions.\n\nDuration: 8 hours (Self-Paced)\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: University of Pennsylvenia (with coursera)",[],"https://platform.onlinelearning.upenn.edu/offering/esg-and-climate-change-a0Q4U00000am9bDUAQ",{"type":910},{"id":3221,"documentId":3222,"title":3223,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3224,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3225,"url":3226,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3227,"theme":8,"country":8},489,"w44i90cc0jsbo19ybmxz2u20","Climate-Aware Investing","In this MOOC we will analyse these risks and also discuss the methodologies most widely used by asset managers to manage their portfolios’ carbon exposure. The final module of this course shows a real-world example of implementation. At the end of the course, you will understand how to maximize the contribution of your investments to the fight against climate change.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: Coursera (EDHEC Business school)",[],"https://www.coursera.org/learn/climate-aware-investing",{"type":910},{"id":3229,"documentId":3230,"title":3231,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3232,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3233,"url":3234,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3235,"theme":8,"country":8},490,"sppo3eb4cyr8z1vvk78de8se","Basic Online Training on Grievance Redress Mechanisms","This course is primarily designed for Grievance Redress Mechanisms of Direct Access Entities of the GCF. However, individuals and institutions interested in learning more about accountability, redress and handling grievances and complaints are also encouraged to participate.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=28",{"type":910},{"id":3237,"documentId":3238,"title":3239,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3240,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3241,"url":3242,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3243,"theme":8,"country":8},491,"ew8idsqk4w8hpcaxujixzfnb","Climate Change, Management and Finance","MSc Climate Change, Management & Finance is a one-year programme that gives graduates the interdisciplinary skills required in business on issues relating to climate change and sustainability. You will learn from leading practitioners and world-class faculty how to put the latest academic thinking and business and climate change strategies into practice.\n\nDuration: 1 year\n\nDeadline: 29 April 2026\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: In person\n\nTraining Provider: Imperial College London",[],"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/study/courses/postgraduate-taught/climate-change-management-finance/",{"type":910},{"id":3245,"documentId":3246,"title":3247,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3248,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3249,"url":3250,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3251,"theme":8,"country":8},492,"dauix5u18sg8wn27fuugzg7f","Developing GCF Funding Proposals for the Simplified Approval Process (SAP)","This course is primarily designed for GCF Accredited Entities and National Designated Authorities and Focal Points. However, organisations and individuals interested in learning more about how to develop funding proposals for the SAP are also encouraged to participate.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=3",{"type":910},{"id":3253,"documentId":3254,"title":3255,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3256,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3257,"url":3258,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3259,"theme":8,"country":8},493,"r5xotqsb830m4j8m5s1gmhon","GCf Training on The IRMF Logical Framework","The training course is composed of seven modules. The structure follows the logical framework template in FP of PAP projects. Each session contains quizzes to check the knowledge gained and as well as real case examples for better understanding of the content.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=39",{"type":910},{"id":3261,"documentId":3262,"title":3263,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3264,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3265,"url":3266,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3267,"theme":8,"country":8},494,"vigklndty2ulkciqnykbzxfq","IEU Behaviour and Design Lab Toolbox: Integrating Behavioural Science To Address Climate Change Through GCF Projects – Part 1","The Toolbox provides guidance on the integration of behavioural science in impact assessment designs, as a method to gauge project effectiveness and efficiency. The Toolbox will also provide learning lessons on the crucial value and importance of behavioural science approaches toward climate change.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=23",{"type":910},{"id":3269,"documentId":3270,"title":3271,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3264,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3272,"url":3273,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3274,"theme":8,"country":8},495,"odcvkqxup8d9k61q4rs3c078","IEU Behaviour and Design Lab Toolbox: Integrating Behavioural Science To Address Climate Change Through GCF Projects – Part 2",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=24",{"type":910},{"id":3276,"documentId":3277,"title":3278,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3279,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3280,"url":3281,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3282,"theme":8,"country":8},496,"ku2n0cvac3i7l65dt5si7qha","Mainstreaming Gender in National Adaptation Plans (NAPS)","This training course is organised into 3 modules. The course will cover topics such as the overview of GCF’s gender policy, entry points for mainstreaming gender in adaptation planning, and addressing gender requirements in the NAP proposal. At the end of the training, participants are expected to have a better understanding of gender dimensions in proposal development and will be enabled to develop adaptation proposals that are gender-responsive– helping to ensure that adaptation efforts are more effective, sustainable, and equitable.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=34",{"type":910},{"id":3284,"documentId":3285,"title":3286,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3287,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3288,"url":3289,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3290,"theme":8,"country":8},497,"s7f5wa0sit62c4yfb9bvcgj5","MSc in Climate Change & Sustainable Finance","he MSc in Climate Change & Sustainable Finance is a double degree programme that combines financial expertise with a sound understanding of the scientific and engineering challenges associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy. The energy transition will require the development of a wide range of new financial instruments and innovations, with profound implications for markets, companies, intermediaries and investors. Our programme, in cooperation with Mines Paris - PSL and taught entirely in English, will prepare the next generation of financial professionals for this massive shift, giving them the right skillset to ensure that the financial industry can provide long-term support to meet environmental needs. You will be awarded an MSc in Climate Change & Sustainable Finance from EDHEC and a specialised diploma in Finance and Climate Change from Mines Paris - PSL. \n\nDuration: 18 months\n\nDeadline: 10 June 2026\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: In person\n\nTraining Provider: EDHEC Business School",[],"https://www.edhec.edu/en/programmes/masters-degree/msc-finance/msc-in-climate-change-and-sustainable-finance",{"type":910},{"id":3292,"documentId":3293,"title":3294,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3295,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3296,"url":3297,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3298,"theme":8,"country":8},499,"kmn4vksxlsesmijdbgjmfrjh","MSc Sustainable Finance and Climate Change","This programme crosses discipline boundaries and is designed so you will develop an understanding and awareness of global climate challenges, tackle shared problems, and propose sustainable and responsible finance solutions that deliver tangible and sustainable social and ecological benefits. You will develop a well-balanced understanding across the principles of finance and investment and the frontiers of climate change science. You will learn to address the challenges of the financial industry’s adaptation to climate change and engage with sustainability debates in real-world contexts. Graduates will be well-positioned to pursue careers in finance, investment management, sustainable development and corporate sustainability.  \n\nDuration: 1 year\n\nDeadline: 11 September 2026\n\nCourse Type: Paid\n\nMode: In person\n\nTraining Provider: University of Exeter",[],"https://www.exeter.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/courses/finance/sustainable-finance-climate/",{"type":910},{"id":75,"documentId":3300,"title":3301,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3302,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3303,"url":3304,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3305,"theme":8,"country":8},"sug7k66bo05w0snfiyvu8sfc","The Readiness Results Management Framework Training","This Training explains the purpose of the RRMF, its structure and define roles and responsibilities when using the RRMF. This training is thus designed to support the Secretariat, NDAs, and Delivery Partners in understanding how to use RRMF for Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme (PRSP) particularly when designing new Readiness proposal and for monitoring and reporting on a Readiness Grant.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=41",{"type":910},{"id":3307,"documentId":3308,"title":3309,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3310,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3311,"url":3312,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3313,"theme":8,"country":8},501,"b01hy4zk8fl3xnlvia0xreka","Theory of Change In GCF Funding and Readiness Grant Proposals","The training module is organized into four sessions. The content therein fully builds on the guidance available in various Secretariat documents such as the Programming Manual, the Integrated Results Management Framework (IRMF), the Readiness Results Measurement Framework (RRMF), and others. There are also two supplementary sessions.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=31",{"type":910},{"id":3315,"documentId":3316,"title":3317,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3318,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3319,"url":3320,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3321,"theme":8,"country":8},502,"mtunxg454nild6ujtp8di534","Training on The GCF’s Portfolio Performance Management System (PPMS)","To improve the monitoring and management functions of the Green Climate Fund (GCF)’s portfolio implementation and climate results, its Division of Portfolio Management (DPM) and ICT have developed the Portfolio Performance Management System (PPMS). To support the internal and external PPMS users in using the PPMS – including Accredited Entities for Funded Activities and National Designated Authorities and Delivery Partners for the Readiness programme – DPM provides tutorial videos and user guides on GCF’s iLearn platform. The tutorial videos and user guides will provide step-by-step guidance on navigating and using the various PPMS modules, e.g., report and disbursement request modules.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=37",{"type":910},{"id":3323,"documentId":3324,"title":3325,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3326,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3327,"url":3328,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3329,"theme":8,"country":8},503,"eebza304r9ye53vt47eaqfw1","Training Seminar for National Designated Authorities (NDAS)","This training seminar covers a range of entry points and processes for NDAs’ engagement with the GCF, including strategic planning processes, engagement with the private sector, pipeline development and identification of the right partners that have relevant expertise and capabilities to advance country’s programming priorities. This training is designed for NDA Operational Focal Points and team at large as well as any Technical Committees/Expert Groups or equivalent bodies involved in the No-objection process.\n\nDuration: Self paced\n\nDeadline: No deadline\n\nCourse Type: Free\n\nMode: Virtual\n\nTraining Provider: iLearn (GCF)",[],"https://ilearn.greenclimate.fund/thematicarea/detail?id=29",{"type":910},{"id":3331,"documentId":3332,"title":3333,"secondaryTitle":8,"abstract":3334,"date":667,"authors_text":8,"tags":3335,"url":3336,"file":8,"imageCover":8,"images":8,"project":8,"publication_type":3337,"theme":8,"country":8},505,"lhn6nezrex86oeruom9xq67b","Henry Arnhold Fellowship","Through our Henry Arnhold Fellowship we find leaders with promising conservation and climate solutions and help them to design and deliver them at scale. We’re impact and scale-obsessed. Each year we select 8-10 leaders and help them (1) design high-impact scalable solutions and strategies for better, faster, bigger outcomes; (2) build the organizations to deliver them at scale; and (3) become part of a growing community of innovators in conservation and climate.\n\nApplication Deadline: Rolling\n\nType: Training Fellowship\n\nFunded By: Mulago Foundation",[],"https://www.mulagofoundation.org/henry-fellows-program",{"type":3338},"Funding Opportunities",[3340,3473,3617,3734,3904,4075,4306],{"id":3341,"documentId":3342,"title":3343,"secondaryTitle":8,"date":3344,"cover":3345,"images":3379,"body":3470,"section":3471,"lla":3472,"project":8},39,"w3n0tjg67yayo1pwwxkc7oc9","Short Course on Community based Adaptation Held in 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Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), in collaboration with the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), organized a short course titled “Community-Based Adaptation: Prospects of Satkhira” on 28 September 2024. 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May 21 and 22, the COLOCAL project, under DESM, IUB, conducted a needs assessment in the river erosion risk areas of the Bauphal and Mirzaganj upazilas in Patuakhali district. The project partnered with the local youth organization Lal Sabuj Society, whose community ties and local insight were instrumental in facilitating meaningful engagement with residents. With this assessment and the planned training workshop following it, COLOCAL aims to strengthen the climate change adaptation knowledge and capacity of communities most exposed to environmental risks.\n\nDuring the assessment, the team—working closely with Lal Sabuj Society—engaged community members through group discussions and interviews to gauge their awareness of climate change and its local impacts. The assessment revealed that knowledge regarding climate change is very limited in these areas as government and non-government activities of this nature are mostly concentrated in the Kalapara upazilla of Patukhali. The conversations also revealed how communities prioritize more creative mediums like videos and games for their learning needs rather than the traditional formats, but there was also some interest in the traditional seminar format as it provides communities with a platform to voice their concerns to local leaders and administrators. \n\nThe findings from this assessment will directly inform the development of training content tailored to the community’s needs. In the coming months, the project team will return to Patuakhali to deliver a full-day workshop focused on closing the identified knowledge gaps. 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May 21 and 22, the COLOCAL project, under DESM, IUB, conducted a needs assessment in the cyclone risk areas: Najiratake, Khuruskhul, and Choufolondi of Cox’s Bazar district. The project partnered with Nirmol Bangladesh, whose community ties and local insight were instrumental in facilitating meaningful engagement with the farmer and fisherman communities there. With this assessment and the planned training workshop following it, COLOCAL aims to co-create knowledge outputs with a view to strengthen the adaptation capacity of communities most exposed to environmental risks.\n\nDuring the assessment, the team—working closely with Nirmol Bangladesh—engaged community members through group discussions and interviews to gauge their awareness of climate change and its local impacts. Some interesting findings included the locals’ belief of the Matarbari Coal Powerplant, as well as the Cox’s Bazar Wind Powerplant disrupting the ecological balance. They also expressed discontent for being excluded in the decision-making process for fishing bans. Furthermore, they heavily emphasized on the negative impacts of trawling in the region, resulting in ecological damage, overfishing, and threatening their livelihoods. As for livelihood diversification programs in the area, the fisherman communities showed a general lack of interest in activities that detach themselves completely from the lifestyle they are generationally accustomed to.\n\nThe COLOCAL project intends to leverage these findings to directly inform the development of training modules. In the coming months, the team intends to return to these areas to conduct a co-creation workshop focused on building the knowledge capacity and also creating a communication platform for the communities and the local government. This participatory approach, strengthened by local partnerships, ensures that the training will be both relevant and practical, supporting local resilience through stronger, community-driven climate adaptation strategies.\n\n***Media Coverage***\nhttps://iub.ac.bd/news-and-events/news-archive/2025-July/6885fa558ea81bddb05a9f09",{"id":3509,"documentId":3735,"title":3736,"secondaryTitle":8,"date":3737,"cover":3738,"images":3764,"body":3903,"section":3471,"lla":3472,"project":8},"k5zbhusoymoj5hpxnmtc09nq","Locally Led Adaptation for All: ICCCAD-IUB Introduces the Concept of LLA through Experts and Interactive 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June 24th, the COLOCAL Project hosted an engaging half-day introductory short course on Locally Led Adaptation (LLA), attracting participants from a wide range of academic disciplines. The course was designed to be interactive and informative, aiming to introduce core LLA concepts to a diverse audience.\nThe session opened with a lively icebreaker quiz conducted by Rawnak Jahan Khan Ranon and Samiha Saleha from the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), where participants shared their existing knowledge and perceptions of common LLA terms and ideas. This set the tone for the following session led by Savio Rousseau Rozario, LLA Programme Coordinator at ICCCAD, who explored the foundations and historical context of LLA. His session concluded with another interactive quiz, with full engagement of the participants.\n\nAfter a short break, Fahmid Mohtasin, Project Officer for COLOCAL, facilitated an interactive game developed by the International Federation for Red Cross (IFCC), focusing on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. The game simulated the impacts of climate change and emphasized the importance of climate-smart disaster risk reduction, decision-making, and using forecasts to guide community-based action. Participants gained firsthand understanding of managing vulnerability and responding to climate-related risks.\n\nThe final session was conducted by Sumaiya Binte Selim, Program Coordinator of the ICCCAD Youth team, who highlighted the critical role of youth in climate action. Her team shared real-world examples of how young people are actively engaging in LLA initiatives and creating impact at the community level.\nThe event concluded with closing remarks by Dr. K. Ayaz Rabbani, Dean of the School of Environment and Life Sciences. 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change continues to disrupt agricultural production, placing local farmers who depend heavily on nature for survival at a growing risk.  As part of the COLOCAL project activities in Uganda, Makerere University, in partnership with the Kiboga District Local Government and local farmers, implemented farmer-led collaborative learning processes. The intention of these activities was to support the development of solutions that are grounded in local realities and the farmers’ expressed needs, and that build capacity and ownership within the farming community.\n\nThe initial process, once the farmer groups had been created, involved the farmers identifying and prioritizing learning needs and creating a collaborative learning plan. The plan included learning objectives, working procedures, intended activities and roles for partners that the groups identified. This stage concluded with the sharing of the collaborative learning plans and needs with potential partners that the farmers had identified, which included model farmers in the community, technical officers from local government, political leaders, representatives of Non-Governmental Organization (NGO’s), private sector actors and researchers. \n\nA workshop was then organized where farmers worked together with the partners they had identified to develop specific cooperative actions that would help the farmers address their learning needs. The various commitments made and resources provided to farmers at this workshop allowed them to address their learning needs using different methods. The methods used included demonstration gardens, facilitated discussions, farm visits, and learning-by-doing experiments. Model farmers showcased her best practices for feeding goats, coffee farmers demonstrated how the establishment of trenches (Fanya-juu) can help control water run-off during the rainy season, etc. The collaborative learning process also included dissemination events where farmers presented their findings to, amongst others, fellow farmers, community members, religious leaders, and political representatives. The events provided an opportunity to link farmer-led learning to policy and practice on climate change adaptation.            \n\nThe farmer-led collaborative learning process empowered local farmers in the following ways: \n\n●\tConfidence in informing and owning decision making\n\nFarmers, including the youth, women, and elderly, confidently presented and shared their adaptation priorities with political and technical leaders during collaborative learning meetings and workshops. This provided an opportunity for farmers to articulate their own priorities rather than having adaptation decisions imposed by external actors, thereby ensuring that adaptation measures captured their needs and were responsive to local realities.\n\n●\tNetwork building for information and resource access \n\nNetwork linkages established through collaborative learning strengthened farmers’ connections with model farmers, agriculture extension workers, NGOs, and community-based organizations. These relationships expanded their access to knowledge, resources, and built their social capital. Through collaborative learning, the farmers were better positioned to make informed choices on best farming practices that resulted in increased agricultural productivity.\n\n●\tCollective action to challenge the status quo\n\nCollaborative learning provided an opportunity for farmers to work together and jointly identify their priorities. Organizing these priorities as a unified demand, rather than as scattered individual concerns, strengthened their collective voice. By presenting a unified set of priorities, farmers were better positioned to influence government decision-making through the inclusion of their needs and priorities in district planning and budgeting cycles. This challenged the status quo, which was largely characterized by government pre-determining interventions and farmers being treated as passive recipients.  \n\n●\tRecognising and strengthening inherent capacity and capabilities \n\nFarmers showcased their capabilities by demonstrating how learning needs were addressed using locally available resources. By sharing indigenous and experiential knowledge, farmers highlighted practical solutions rooted in the local context. This process fostered strong local ownership of adaptation measures, as farmers viewed the solutions as their own rather than externally imposed. Such ownership laid the foundation for sustainability by increasing long-term commitment, continuity, and the likelihood that adaptation practices are maintained and adapted over time. 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COLOCAL project arranged a roundtable discussion on November 30, 2024 at the Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) campus to gather inputs from experts regarding the development of academic modules focusing on Community-based Adaptation (CBA) and Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) that is later planned to be implemented into a course of the Climate Change and Development (CCD) MSc. at the Department of Environmental Science and Management, IUB. The COLOCAL team for the event included the project coordinator, Dr. K. A. Rabbani and the project officer, Fahmid Mohtasin, who brought together LLA specialists from the International Center for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), including Savio Rousseau Rozario and Rawnak Jahan Khan Ranon, and ongoing MSc students under the CCD programme. It was a fruitful discussion that raised many interesting aspects of developing an effective course on the topic. The participants and the team were all in agreement that the course must first introduce the key concepts, principles, history, and the evolution of CBA to LLA. The need for showcasing successful and unsuccessful case studies of LLA was also mentioned. Furthermore, it was made clear from the discussion that the course needed to follow a practical approach to learning through engagement with communities and external stakeholders rather than following the traditional structure of an academic course. This was planned to be achieved through a field assignment for the students in climate vulnerable areas of the country and through paper presentations to stay updated on the contemporary literature on LLA. Prior to the field assignment, the need for a module introducing the tools and techniques of LLA was also communicated. 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